{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:07:13Z","timestamp":1789661233344,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82204799"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204799"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Shenmai Formula (SMF) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine for cardiovascular diseases. Its multicomponent complexity and obscure in\u00a0vivo metabolic fate hinder understanding of its therapeutic material basis. Because many constituents undergo extensive gastrointestinal and hepatic biotransformation, in\u00a0vitro profiling alone cannot reveal the actual circulating entities; systematic in\u00a0vitro\u2013in vivo mapping is therefore essential to define SMF's true bioactive material basis. An in\u2010house constituent database was built from literature (PubMed\/CNKI). SMF extract and rat plasma (blank and drug\u2010containing) were analyzed by UHPLC\u2010Orbitrap MS, and constituents were identified by integrating database matching with published literature. Fifty\u2010eight in\u00a0vitro constituents (mainly saponins) were characterized. Integrating in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo data, 19 circulating prototypes and 14 biotransformed metabolites were mapped in rat plasma. Their biotransformation was driven mainly by deglycosylation, oxidation, methylation, desaturation, and sulfation. The 19 prototypes and 14 metabolites define SMF's in\u00a0vivo profile and represent the primary potential bioactive candidates for its efficacy. Mapping these active forms and pathways provides a targeted material basis for future pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and mechanistic studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T05:19:20Z","timestamp":1787116760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Systematic Characterization of the In\u00a0Vitro and In\u00a0Vivo Chemical Constituents of Shenmai Formula by UHPLC\u2010Orbitrap MS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Xiangying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlian","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese 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