{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:39:05Z","timestamp":1792557545479,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010097","name":"China Association for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Chromatography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by persistent airway injury and remodelling, and the mechanisms by which Chai\u2010Hu\u2010Gui\u2010Zhi Decoction (CGD) acts in COPD remain unclear. This study investigated whether CGD attenuates airway remodelling through the TGF\u2010\u03b21\/Smads\u2013EMT\u2013ECM signalling axis. A mouse COPD model was established by cigarette\u2010smoke exposure plus intranasal lipopolysaccharide. After model induction, mice received dexamethasone acetate or low\u2010, medium\u2010 or high\u2010dose CGD for 28\u2009days. UHPLC\u2010MS\/MS, network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, proteomics, metabolomics, ELISA, western blotting, RT\u2010PCR, pulmonary function testing and histopathology were integrated. CGD dose\u2010dependently improved pulmonary function and lung pathology and reduced BALF total protein, NO, VEGF, IFN\u2010\u03b3, MPO, CXCL1 and serum 8\u2010OHdG. Multi\u2010omics and network analyses implicated phenylalanine\/tyrosine\/tryptophan biosynthesis, the histidine\u2013glutamate\u2013hypoxanthine axis, MAPK, PI3K\u2013Akt and TGF\u2010\u03b21\u2010related pathways. Validation showed that CGD decreased TGF\u2010\u03b21, p\u2010SMAD2\/3, SMAD2\/3, MMP\u20109 and TIMP\u20101; increased SMAD7 and E\u2010cadherin; and regulated Smad2\/Smad3\/Smad7 mRNA. CGD may attenuate COPD airway remodelling, in association with suppressed TGF\u2010\u03b21\/Smads signalling, restored SMAD7\u2010mediated feedback, limited EMT and rebalanced ECM remodelling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.70632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:48:21Z","timestamp":1792554501000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chaihu\u2010Guizhi Decoction Attenuates Airway Remodelling in COPD Mice via the TGF\u2010\u03b21\/Smads Signalling Pathway: An Integrated Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Jiuwang","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hohhot Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mongolian Medicine  Hohhot Inner Mongolia China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hohhot Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mongolian Medicine  Hohhot Inner Mongolia China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hohhot Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mongolian Medicine  Hohhot Inner Mongolia China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxu","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hohhot Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mongolian Medicine  Hohhot Inner Mongolia China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxiang","family":"A","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hohhot Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mongolian Medicine  Hohhot Inner Mongolia China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6588-664X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hohhot Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mongolian Medicine  Hohhot Inner Mongolia China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"1505","article-title":"Structural Basis for Distinct Inhibitory Mechanisms of Smad7 and Smad6 on TGF\u2010\u03b2 Receptor Activity","volume":"34","author":"Arag\u00f3n E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes & Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.46598","article-title":"Global Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Through 2050","volume":"6","author":"Boers E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0124-2019","article-title":"Extracellular Matrix Remodelling in COPD","volume":"29","author":"Burgstaller G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Respiratory Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1431862","article-title":"Application of Multi\u2010Omics in the Study of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"15","author":"Cui Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9111146","article-title":"Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of the Blood Glutathione Redox State in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"9","author":"Dong X.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20190103","article-title":"Transforming Growth Factor\u2010\u03b2 in Tissue Fibrosis","volume":"217","author":"Frangogiannis N. 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