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Nonambulatory stroke survivors (FAC score \u22642) are at increased risk of recurrent stroke due to limited physical activity. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence regarding case fatality, effects, experiences, and feasibility of fitness training for nonambulatory stroke survivors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight major databases were searched for any type of study design. Two independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data, and assessed study quality, using published tools. Random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis was used. Following their separate analysis, qualitative and quantitative data were synthesized using a published framework.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 13,614 records, 33 studies involving 910 nonambulatory participants met inclusion criteria. Most studies were of moderate quality. Interventions comprised assisted walking (25 studies), cycle ergometer training (5 studies), and other training (3 studies), mainly in acute settings. Case fatality did not differ between intervention (1.75%) and control (0.88%) groups (95% CI 0.13\u20133.78, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.67). Compared with control interventions, assisted walking significantly improved: fat mass, peak heart rate, peak oxygen uptake and walking endurance, maximum walking speed, and mobility at intervention end, and walking endurance, balance, mobility, and independent walking at follow\u2010up. Cycle ergometry significantly improved peak heart rate, work load, peak ventilation, peak carbon dioxide production, HDL cholesterol, fasting insulin and fasting glucose, and independence at intervention end. Effectiveness of other training could not be established. There were insufficient qualitative data to draw conclusions about participants' experiences, but those reported were positive. There were few intervention\u2010related adverse events, and dropout rate ranged from 12 to 20%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings suggest safety, effectiveness, and feasibility of adapted fitness training for screened nonambulatory stroke survivors. Further research needs to investigate the clinical and cost\u2010effectiveness as well as experiences of fitness training\u2014especially for chronic stroke survivors in community settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T17:55:52Z","timestamp":1529430952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Physical fitness interventions for nonambulatory stroke survivors: A mixed\u2010methods systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Megan","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawn A.","family":"Skelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gillian E.","family":"Mead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Medicine Division of Health Sciences Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences The University of Edinburgh, and the Royal Infirmary  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Social Care Edinburgh Napier University  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0855-799X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederike","family":"van Wijck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00973.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"American Association for Clinical Chemistry(2017a).Lab tests online: Lipid profiles. 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