{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:11:54Z","timestamp":1763017914237,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]],"date-time":"2018-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Impulse control behaviors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICB<\/jats:styled-content>s) are impulsive\u2013compulsive behaviors often associated with dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>). Although remission can occur in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICB<\/jats:styled-content>, only four reports on the ratio of remission and the persistence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICB<\/jats:styled-content>have been published, and the associated factors with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICB<\/jats:styled-content>remission or persistence have been little known. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal assessment of the remission, persistence, and development of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICB<\/jats:styled-content>and those associated factors in patients with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively investigated a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>database at Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Japan. One hundred and forty\u2010eight patients with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>who could be followed up for 2\u00a0years were enrolled.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICB<\/jats:styled-content>was assessed using the Questionnaire for Impulsive\u2013Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's disease. Motor severity (Hoehn and Yahr scale and United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale), cognitive function (Mini\u2013Mental State Examination), and other clinical variables (sex, age, onset age, disease duration, olfactory dysfunction, and dyskinesia) and medications used to treat<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>were assessed. Univariate analyses were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven patients were excluded because of the exclusion criteria, and 141 patients were analyzed. Thirty patients (21.3%) had<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICB<\/jats:styled-content>at baseline, and these patients also had significantly higher use of pergolide. The<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICB<\/jats:styled-content>remission rate was 60%, the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICB<\/jats:styled-content>persistence ratio was 40%, and the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICB<\/jats:styled-content>development ratio was 12.6% over 2\u00a0years. Statistically, younger age and pergolide use were associated with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICB<\/jats:styled-content>persistence. Being male, having dyskinesia, and rotigotine, entacapone, zonisamide, and istradefylline use were associated with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICB<\/jats:styled-content>development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests that younger age and pergolide use may be the new associated factors with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICB<\/jats:styled-content>persistence and that entacapone, zonisamide, and istradefylline use may be associated with the development of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICB<\/jats:styled-content>. Drug profiles and medication practices in Japan may explain the association of these factors with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICB<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]],"date-time":"2018-06-29T12:13:09Z","timestamp":1530274389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The factors associated with impulse control behaviors in Parkinson's disease: A 2\u2010year longitudinal retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6072-3954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoya","family":"Kon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital Aomori Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neuropathology Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki University Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6212-0265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital Aomori Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rie","family":"Haga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital Aomori Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Tomiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital Aomori Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-315277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13078"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.05.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25291"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27181"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S54423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03571.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Compulsive buying: Descriptive characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity","volume":"55","author":"Christenson G. 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