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We sought to determine whether being a primary Spanish versus English speaker affects changes in neuropsychological evaluations in persons living with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 209 (188 English speakers and 21 Spanish speakers) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010na\u00efve <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected adults were extracted from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTG<\/jats:styled-content> A5303, a 48\u2010week randomized clinical trial of two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> treatment regimens. Participants\u2019 mean (standard deviation) age and years of education were 35.1 (10.7) and 14.3 (2.7) years respectively. Changes from baseline to week 48 of antiretroviral therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>) in individual, total, and domain <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content> tests and Global Deficit Scores (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDS<\/jats:styled-content>) were compared between the primary languages using linear regression models, adjusted for baseline scores and years of education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Baseline demographic characteristics were comparable except Spanish speakers had less years of education than the English speakers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Although differences in some <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content> measures and domains were detected at baseline, the adjusted changes in individual, total and domain <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores from baseline to 48\u00a0weeks of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> were not significantly different between the two primary language groups<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold> The 48\u2010week changes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDS<\/jats:styled-content> were also similar.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content> during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> were similar between English and Spanish speaking <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected individuals for all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content> measures. This suggests that studies of longitudinal changes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content> can pool participants across these languages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]],"date-time":"2018-07-26T04:15:16Z","timestamp":1532578516000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Similar changes in neuropsychological functioning in english and spanish speaking <scp>HIV<\/scp> patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0558-5218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Onoja","family":"Akpa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics College of Medicine University of Ibadan  Ibadan Nigeria"},{"name":"Harvard T.H. 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