{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:25:46Z","timestamp":1790839546213,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]],"date-time":"2018-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During early childhood, typical human motor behavior reveals a gradual transition from automatic motor patterns to acquired motor skills, by the continuous interplay between nature and nurture. During the wiring and shaping of the underlying motor networks, insight into the neurological phenotype of developmental motor patterns is incomplete. In healthy, typically developing children (0\u20133\u00a0years of age), we therefore aimed to investigate the neurological phenotype of developmental motor patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 32 healthy, typically developing children (0\u20133\u00a0years), we video\u2010recorded spontaneous motor behavior, general movements (GMs), and standardized motor tasks. We classified the motor patterns by: (a) the traditional neurodevelopmental approach, by Gestalt perception and (b) the classical neurological approach, by the clinical phenotypic determination of movement disorder features. We associated outcomes by Cramer's V.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Developmental motor patterns revealed (a) choreatic\u2010like features (\u22643\u00a0months; associated with fidgety GMs (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.732) and startles (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.687)), (b) myoclonic\u2010like features (\u22643\u00a0months; associated with fidgety GMs (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.878) and startles (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.808)), (c) dystonic\u2010like features (0\u20133\u00a0years; associated with asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.641) and voluntary movements (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.517)), and (d) ataxic\u2010like features (&gt;3\u00a0months; associated with voluntary movements (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.928)).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In healthy infants and toddlers (0\u20133\u00a0years), typical developmental motor patterns reveal choreatic\u2010, myoclonic\u2010, dystonic\u2010 and ataxic\u2010like features. The transient character of these neurological phenotypes is placed in perspective of the physiological shaping of the underlying motor centers. Neurological phenotypic insight into developmental motor patterns can contribute to adequate discrimination between ontogenetic and initiating pathological movement features and to adequate interpretation of therapeutic interactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]],"date-time":"2018-11-28T12:43:37Z","timestamp":1543409017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The neurological phenotype of developmental motor patterns during early childhood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Marieke J.","family":"Kuiper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick","family":"Brandsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roelineke J.","family":"Lunsing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendriekje","family":"Eggink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik J.","family":"ter Horst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Beatrix Children\u2019s Hospital University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arend F.","family":"Bos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Beatrix Children\u2019s Hospital University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6232-2414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Sival","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children\u2019s Hospital University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn920"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(97)01147-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1998.0274"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(93)90304-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.20051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(97)00092-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0755-7.00008-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"52","volume-title":"Minimal cerebral dysfunction, clinics in developmental medicine","author":"Fog E.","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21416"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"Ghez C. &Thach W. 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