{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:02:48Z","timestamp":1777705368319,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]],"date-time":"2019-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) to ascertain if RBD could be an internal red flag signaling a fluctuating state of inflammation based on the theory of \u201cprotoconsciousness\u201d.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials &amp; Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and three patients with a confirmed diagnosis of IA were consecutively recruited. The patients underwent general (IA activity, functional status, laboratory tests) and neurological evaluations. A neurologist investigated RBD and REM sleep parasomnias in a semi\u2010structured interview. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, while the risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was evaluated with the Berlin questionnaire. Beck Depression Inventory II and State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory investigated depression and anxiety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients had a mean age of 53.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.6\u00a0years, 65% were women; 57.3% were in a clinically active phase of IA. Two women fulfilled ICSD\u20103 criteria for RBD appearing 11\u00a0years after and 20\u00a0years before IA onset respectively. 31 patients scored positive for nightmare disorder (ND), 8 for recurrent isolated sleep paralysis. 65 (63.1%) patients reported poor sleep quality and 25 (24.3%) resulted at high risk for OSAS. 32 (31.0%) patients scored positively for depression or anxiety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of RBD in patients with IA did not differ from that in the general population, whereas ND presented a 2\u2010fold increased prevalence. Whether RBD can be considered a red flag signaling an internal danger remains an open question, while ND may be a new player in this intriguing relation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,16]],"date-time":"2019-02-16T05:09:43Z","timestamp":1550293783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Nightmare disorder and REM sleep behavior disorder in inflammatory arthritis: Possibility beyond neurodegeneration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3666-1735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Baldelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM) University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Addimanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM) University of Bologna Bologna Italy"},{"name":"Medicine &amp; Rheumatology Unit IRCCS Rizzoli Ortopaedic Institute Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Burattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Clinic Marche Polytechnic University Ancona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Chiaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep and Epilepsy Center Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Civic Hospital of Lugano Lugano Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Brusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine &amp; Rheumatology Unit IRCCS Rizzoli Ortopaedic Institute Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elettra","family":"Pignotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine &amp; Rheumatology Unit IRCCS Rizzoli Ortopaedic Institute Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Meliconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM) University of Bologna Bologna Italy"},{"name":"Medicine &amp; Rheumatology Unit IRCCS Rizzoli Ortopaedic Institute Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9063-2658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Provini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM) University of Bologna Bologna Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"International classification of sleep disorders, third edition: Diagnostic and coding manual","author":"AASM","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27584"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-012-2513-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6703_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25832"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/910352"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-012-1085-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.8.889"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"2286","article-title":"A new approach to defining disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: The bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index","volume":"21","author":"Garrett S.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx197"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.141.12.1527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2716"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2004.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000000355"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20693"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-015-2875-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-7-199910050-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-24288-2.00053-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"369\u201376","article-title":"Violent behavior during sleep","volume":"58","author":"Ohayon M. M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.6.1194"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(02)00042-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.133645"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-004-0364-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/25.2.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","first-page":"349","article-title":"A controlled study of serum anti\u2010locus ceruleus antibodies in REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"20","author":"Schenck C. H.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","volume-title":"Stress and anxiety","author":"Spielberger C.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8100(03)00019-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","first-page":"579","article-title":"Development of a disease activity score based on judgment in clinical practice by rheumatologists","volume":"20","author":"Van derHeijde D. M.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130430"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbrb3.1230","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.1230","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/brb3.1230","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.1230","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T05:30:38Z","timestamp":1694410238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.1230"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.1230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.1230","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-10-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01230"}}