{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T03:06:32Z","timestamp":1791947192668,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is commonly administered to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients taking psychotropic medications, yet the effects on treatment outcomes remain unknown. We explored how concomitant medication use relates to clinical response to a standard course of rTMS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medications were tabulated for 181 MDD patients who underwent a six\u2010week rTMS treatment course. All patients received 10\u00a0Hz rTMS administered to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), with 1\u00a0Hz administered to right DLPFC in patients with inadequate response to and\/or intolerance of left\u2010sided stimulation. Primary outcomes were change in Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (IDS\u2010SR30) total score after 2, 4, and 6\u00a0weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of benzodiazepines was associated with less improvement at week 2, whereas use of psychostimulants was associated with greater improvement at week 2 and across 6\u00a0weeks. These effects were significant controlling for baseline variables including age, overall symptom severity, and severity of anxiety symptoms. Response rates at week 6 were lower in benzodiazepine users versus non\u2010users (16.4% vs. 35.5%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008), and higher in psychostimulant users versus non\u2010users (39.2% vs. 22.0%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concomitant medication use may impact rTMS treatment outcome. While the differences reported here could be considered clinically significant, results were not corrected for multiple comparisons and findings should be replicated before clinicians incorporate the evidence into clinical practice. Prospective, hypothesis\u2010based treatment studies will aid in determining causal relationships between medication treatments and outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T04:12:39Z","timestamp":1554264759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Concomitant medication use and clinical outcome of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) treatment of Major Depressive Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Aimee M.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California"},{"name":"Laboratory of Brain, Behavior, and Pharmacology and the TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9167-9738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Minzenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California"},{"name":"Laboratory of Brain, Behavior, and Pharmacology and the TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian A.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California"},{"name":"Laboratory of Brain, Behavior, and Pharmacology and the TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Krantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California"},{"name":"Laboratory of Brain, Behavior, and Pharmacology and the TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer G.","family":"Levitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California"},{"name":"Laboratory of Brain, Behavior, and Pharmacology and the TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie M.","family":"Rotstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Brain, Behavior, and Pharmacology and the TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shweta A.","family":"Chawla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Brain, 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