{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T04:53:09Z","timestamp":1790484789607,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003621","name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016R1A2B3016609"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016R1A2B3016609"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2010-0025695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010-0025695"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metamemory is the process of monitoring and controlling one's memory. Improving metamemory may reduce the memory problem in old age. We hypothesized that metamemory training (MMT) would improve cognition in older adults with subjective memory complaints and change the brain region related to metacognition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recruited and randomized older adults to the multi\u2010strategic memory training of 10 weekly 90\u2010min sessions, based on the metamemory concept or usual care. Cognitive tests including the Elderly Verbal Learning Test, Simple Rey Figure Test, Digit Span, Spatial Span, Categorical Fluency, and the Boston Naming Test were done in 201 participants, together with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 49 participants before and after training.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 112 in the training group and 89 in the control group participated. The training group had a significant increase in long\u2010term delayed free recall, categorical fluency, and the Boston Naming test. In MRI, the mean diffusivity of the bundles of axon tracts passing from the frontal lobe to the posterior end of the lateral sulcus decreased in the training group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate that the MMT program has a positive impact on enhancing older people\u2019 cognitive performance. Improved white matter integrity in the anterior and posterior cerebrum and increased cortical thickness of prefrontal regions, which related to metacognition, possibly suggest that the effects of the MMT would be induced via the enhancement of cognitive control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T23:43:38Z","timestamp":1553730218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Brain structural changes after multi\u2010strategic metamemory training in older adults with subjective memory complaints: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jung\u2010Hae","family":"Youn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Clinical Counseling Psychology CHA University Pocheon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung\u2010Ho","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun\u2010Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University &amp; SMG\u2010SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soowon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education Sejong University Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong\u2010Jin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gachon University Gil Medical Center Incheon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hunki","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Hanyang University Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010Ju","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Hanyang University Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong\u2010Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Hanyang University Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University &amp; SMG\u2010SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seolmin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Konkuk University Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gill","family":"Livingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3997-2670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Hyun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University &amp; SMG\u2010SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Sports Science Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR","author":"American Psychiatric Association, & American Psychiatric Association. Task Force on DSM\u2010IV","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641003696775"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024657"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33212"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199403000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.12.1.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03211311"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ccog.2000.0447"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.1037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2016.1167031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014345"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0084153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2009.6.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/MC.36.2.416"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.32.5.1133"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312040001281"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2006.00453.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988708316855"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.10.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1999.0534"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3149\/jmh.0202.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12336"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","volume-title":"Atlas of brain function","author":"Orrison W. W.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-005-7091-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2006.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2004.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2412"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.668698"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.03.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.03.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000205512"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2011.8.4.354"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0046984"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2002.806283"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.1278","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/brb3.1278","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.1278","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T16:26:18Z","timestamp":1694363178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.1278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.1278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.1278","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01278"}}