{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:44:03Z","timestamp":1783525443656,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms show deficits in emotion processing, but results of prior studies have been conflicting, and little is known about developmental trajectories of emotion processing over time. We examined the association between GAD symptoms and sensitivity to recognizing emotional facial expressions (emotion sensitivity: ES) for three emotions (happiness, anger, fear) in a large, diverse, population\u2010based sample. We hypothesized that higher anxiety scores would be associated with poorer performance, and expected that ES performance and anxiety scores would decline across the lifespan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were 7,176 responders to a web\u2010based ES study (age range\u00a0=\u00a010\u201396\u00a0years old).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher GAD\u20107 scores were associated with poorer ES performance for all emotion categories (happiness, anger, fear). The relationship between GAD\u20107 and ES scores remained significant after controlling for the effects of age and sex, and there was no significant interaction, indicating that the relationship does not change across age. Age significantly predicted ES and GAD\u20107 scores across emotions, with older ages showing lower ES scores and lower anxiety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the largest study of its kind, GAD symptoms were associated with impaired ES performance across three emotion types. Future research should explore the connection between anxiety symptoms, cognitive processing, and social processing to better characterize the mechanisms of how GAD is linked with both social and non\u2010social information processing. Future work may also look at if ES is related over time to changes in anxiety, making it a promising target for intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]],"date-time":"2019-04-17T04:14:11Z","timestamp":1555474451000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Emotion sensitivity and self\u2010reported symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder across the lifespan: A population\u2010based sample approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8852-7602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Rutter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Technology in Psychiatry McLean Hospital Belmont Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Belmont Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders McLean Hospital Belmont Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Scheuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Technology in Psychiatry McLean Hospital Belmont Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Belmont Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders McLean Hospital Belmont Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ipsit V.","family":"Vahia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Technology in Psychiatry McLean Hospital Belmont Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Belmont Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Geriatric Psychiatry McLean Hospital Belmont Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent P.","family":"Forester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Belmont Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Geriatric Psychiatry McLean Hospital Belmont Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan W.","family":"Smoller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Belmont Massachusetts"},{"name":"Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute Cambridge Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Germine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Technology in Psychiatry McLean Hospital Belmont Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Belmont Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders McLean Hospital Belmont Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534582302001001003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/per.1919"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.160855"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders","author":"Beck A. T.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2016.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466599162845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2015.1087973"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-009-9161-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.44.1.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203775677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797615594896"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.7.3.478"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-012-0296-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1200196109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797614567339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.22.1.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2017.00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yco.0000191500.46411.00"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lundqvist D. Flykt A. &\u00d6hman A.(1998).The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces \u2013 KDEF CD ROM from Department of Clinical Neuroscience Psychology section Karolinska Institutet. ISBN 91\u2010630\u20107164\u20109.","DOI":"10.1037\/t27732-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.95.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410611147"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018738019346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.3.424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195541"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.4.695"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.105.2.271"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2018.1454403"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00168-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000559"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","article-title":"Investigating the influence of biological sex on the behavioral and neural basis of face recognition","volume":"4","author":"Scherf K. S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021717"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2004.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01797"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190634"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030841"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.1282","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/brb3.1282","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.1282","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:15:39Z","timestamp":1694391339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.1282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.1282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.1282","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-02-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01282"}}