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It is commonly held that object categories reflect the integration of perceptual features and semantic\/knowledge\u2010based features. To explore the relative contributions of these two sources of information, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify regions involved in the representation object categories with shared visual and\/or semantic features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020) viewed a series of objects that varied in their degree of visual and semantic overlap in the MRI scanner. We used a blocked adaptation design to identify sensitivity to visual and semantic features in a priori visual processing regions and in a distributed network of object processing regions with an exploratory whole\u2010brain analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Somewhat surprisingly, within higher\u2010order visual processing regions\u2014specifically lateral occipital cortex (LOC)\u2014we did not obtain any difference in neural adaptation for shared visual versus semantic category membership. More broadly, both visual and semantic information affected a distributed network of independently identified category\u2010selective regions. Adaptation was seen a whole\u2010brain network of processing regions in response to visual similarity and semantic similarity; specifically, the angular gyrus (AnG) adapted to visual similarity and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) adapted to both visual and semantic similarity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that perceptual features help organize mental categories throughout the object processing hierarchy. Most notably, visual similarity also influenced adaptation in nonvisual brain regions (i.e., AnG and DMPFC). We conclude that category\u2010relevant visual features are maintained in higher\u2010order conceptual representations and visual information plays an important role in both the acquisition and neural representation of conceptual object categories.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T09:12:25Z","timestamp":1569575545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The relative contributions of visual and semantic information in the neural representation of object categories"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3327-8677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsay W.","family":"Victoria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Pyles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Tarr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4310-15.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2314-15.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(03)00159-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.04.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"460","volume-title":"The representation of three\u2010dimensional object similarity in human vision","author":"Cutzu F.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2007.19.11.1768"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2008.20019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.09.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.120.4.339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"1778","volume-title":"Describing objects by their attributes. 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