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Autonomic testing was performed in two subgroups and included the assessment of resting cardiovascular parameters, postprandial hypotension (PPH), orthostatic hypotension (OH), and vasoconstriction induced by intradermal microdialysis with different concentrations of norepinephrine (NE; 10<jats:sup>\u20135<\/jats:sup>; 10<jats:sup>\u20136<\/jats:sup>; 10<jats:sup>\u20137<\/jats:sup>; 10<jats:sup>\u20138<\/jats:sup>) and by cold through forehead cooling. We also used sympathetic multiunit microneurography (muscle sympathetic nerve activity; MSNA; burst frequency (BF): bursts per minute; burst incidence (BI): bursts per 100 heart beats) and evaluated the presence of phosphorylated \u03b1\u2010synuclein deposits in skin innervation in biopsies from the thighs by immunohistohemistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diastolic blood pressure was higher in the PD group at rest (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) and during OH (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06.533; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.022). Vasoconstriction induced by NE microdialysis and cold was unchanged in PD patients. MSNA was lower in PD patients than in controls (BF: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001; BI: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.025). Phosphorylated \u03b1\u2010synuclein deposits could be found only in PD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We did not find indications for peripheral sympathetic nerve fiber dysfunction or adrenoreceptor sensitivity changes. The decreased MSNA argues in favor of central sympathetic impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T06:04:48Z","timestamp":1573020288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Reduced central sympathetic activity in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0615-1304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidrun H.","family":"Kr\u00e4mer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gothje","family":"Lautenschl\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"de Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Doppler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Sch\u00e4nzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropathology Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Philipps\u2010University Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang H.","family":"Oertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Philipps\u2010University Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Reuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Birklein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2005.tb00097.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12378630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-45295-0_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-010-0170-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5694.474"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53491-0.00005-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-005-0431-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182825127"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nly074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000316"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1284-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Myogenic mechanisms in the control of systemic resistance. 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