{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T16:35:21Z","timestamp":1777480521770,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,15]],"date-time":"2019-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hemorrhagic stroke, particularly nontraumatic spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH), is a cerebrovascular condition with unfavorable outcomes. The aims of the present study were to evaluate patients who suffered from SICH and investigate the early outcomes in a single\u2010center study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>During a study \u2010period of 6\u00a0years (2008\u20132014), 613 consecutive patients (mean age, 72\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.7\u00a0years; 51.1% female), who suffered from nontraumatic SICH and were treated at the Department of Neurology at the University Hospital of Schleswig\u2010Holstein, Campus L\u00fcbeck, Germany, were included and prospectively analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During a mean hospitalization time of 12\u00a0days, 148 patients (24.1%) died, 47% of those within the first 2\u00a0days and 79% within the first week. The patients who died stayed at the hospital for a shorter time (3) than those who survived (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.001). In the multivariate logistic regression, following parameters were found to be associated with the in\u2010hospital mortality: female sex (OR, 2.0; 95%\u2010CI, 1.2\u20133.4; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.009), a NIHSS score&gt;\u00a010 (OR, 10.5; 95%\u2010CI, 5.6\u201319.5; <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.001), history of hypertension (OR, 0.35; 95%\u2010CI, 0.19\u20130.64; <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.001), previous oral anticoagulation (OR, 2; 95%\u2010CI, 1.0\u20133.8; <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.032), and intraventricular extension of hemorrhage (OR, 2.8; 95%\u2010CI, 1.7\u20134.7; <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.001). At discharge, 192 patients (41.2%) showed favorable outcomes (mRS\u00a0\u2264\u00a02) whereas the median mRS of patients who survived was 3 (IQR 2\u20134). The good functional outcome at discharge from the acute hospital was decreased by an age&gt;\u00a070\u00a0years (OR, 0.56; 95%\u2010CI, 0.35\u20130.9; <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.017), NIHSS score&gt;\u00a010 at admission (OR, 0.07; 95%\u2010CI, 0.04\u20130.13; <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.001), and development of pneumonia during hospitalization (OR, 0.35; 95%\u2010CI, 0.2\u20130.6; <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study showed that SICH is a serious disease causing high mortality and disability, particularly in the early period after event.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T00:45:15Z","timestamp":1576457115000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Nontraumatic spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: Baseline characteristics and early outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8406-5044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Al\u2010Khaled","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samer","family":"Awwad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7897-2905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toralf","family":"Br\u00fcning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000016061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2002.1o170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104350"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.183689"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-5868(02)00324-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171379"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000094831"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00266-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0201-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000208400.08722.7c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta19700"},{"issue":"871","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"vii","article-title":"Epidemiology of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: Incidence, prevalence, mortality, and risk factors","volume":"26","author":"Grysiewicz R. 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