{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T06:46:30Z","timestamp":1773297990581,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Testosterone has been postulated to be involved in ALS causation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CSF levels of free testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were measured in 13 ALS patients [7 males, 6 females] and 22 controls [12 males, 10 females].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CSF free testosterone levels did not show any significant differences but CSF dihydrotestosterone levels were significantly decreased in all male and female ALS patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DHT is probably integral to survival of motor neurons. In patients predisposed to develop ALS, there is possibly a sort of \u201ctestosterone resistance\u201d at level of blood\u2013brain barrier [BBB] existing right from birth and is likely the result of dysfunctional transport protein involved in testosterone transfer across the BBB. In these patients, lesser amount of testosterone is able to breach the BBB and enter the central neural axis. Lesser amount of testosterone is available to 5 \u03b1 reductase in the anterior pituitary to be converted to DHT and lesser amount of DHT is generated. There is inadequate negative feedback suppression of LH at the level of anterior pituitary by DHT. As a result of higher LH levels, testosterone levels rise in the peripheral testosterone fraction [the fraction outside the BBB] and this explains the various physical attributes of ALS patients like lower Ratio of the index and ring finger lengths (2D:4D ratio), increased incidence of early onset alopecia etc. This deficiency of DHT leads to motor neuron death causing ALS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T10:24:16Z","timestamp":1602584656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Dihydrotestosterone in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\u2014The missing link?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8737-2963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nishit","family":"Sawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division, Department of Medicine Government Medical college and Hospital Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasbinder","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Government Medical college and Hospital Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamaljeet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Government Medical college and Hospital Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satinder","family":"Gombar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive care Government Medical college and Hospital Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1040325"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.135.1.395"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(76)90114-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902150208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-56-6-1278"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/146608200300079536"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03646.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(91)90289-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17482960802566824"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.1760"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4731(83)80030-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000123975"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt096"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Serum androgen concentrations in young men: A longitudinal analysis of associations with age, obesity, and race. 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