{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:31:41Z","timestamp":1792110701075,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["2017ZC0419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZC0419"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for patients with mood disorders and is most often used for treatment\u2010resistant cases. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of ECT in a real\u2010world treatment sample in a Chinese psychiatric hospital which included both treatment\u2010resistant and nontreatment\u2010resistant patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An observational study of symptom outcomes from admission to the time of discharge was conducted with 37 inpatients diagnosed with unipolar or bipolar depression treated with ECT. Symptom severity was assessed with the 17\u2010item Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression (HRSD\u201017) and treatment\u2010resistance with the Maudsley Staging Model (MSM). Stratifying at the MSM median admission characteristics and symptom change was compared between patients who were treatment\u2010resistant (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a018) and who were not (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a019). The outcome difference between groups was compared using analyses of covariance adjusted for baseline characteristics including symptom severity, followed by linear regression to identify factors associated symptom improvement in the entire sample.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sample (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a037) showed moderate treatment\u2010resistance (MSM\u00a0=\u00a07.30\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.13) at admission and both groups received 8.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02 ECT sessions. The treatment\u2010resistant group had a smaller proportion of bipolar patients and more severe symptoms, but showed no significant difference from the nontreatment\u2010resistant group in HDRS\u201017 scores at the time of discharge (adjusted means\u00a0=\u00a06.23\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.00 vs. 5.94\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.97, Partial\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.845). Baseline symptom severity was the strongest correlate of reduction in HDRS\u201017 scores (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.891,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Symptom change with ECT in depression did not differ by level of treatment\u2010resistance but was greatest among those with more severe baseline symptoms. Correlates of ECT effectiveness should be further evaluated in stratified randomized trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T01:20:54Z","timestamp":1589419254000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in patients with \u201cless treatment\u2010resistant\u201d depression by the Maudsley Staging Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yarong","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital) Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Rosenheck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biyu","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital) Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital) Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9595-8603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbo","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital) Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Neurological devices; reclassification of electroconvulsive therapy devices; effective date of requirement for premarket approval for electroconvulsive therapy devices for certain specified intended uses, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration","author":"Barton L.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743719828965"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000227"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l834"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04309"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v9.i1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1967.tb00530.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13091"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct075234"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000589"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000326"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k5233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2010.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1670"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20213"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1378"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.148213"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12962"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201700364"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.152.5.660"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"837","article-title":"Chinese psychiatric experts consensus on electroconvulsive therapy, 2017. in Chinese","volume":"10","author":"Zhou X. 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