{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:34:50Z","timestamp":1786977290385,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81870838"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870838"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common mental disease happens in perinatal period. Ketamine as an anesthesia and analgesia drug has been used for a long time. In recent years, ketamine is proved to have an antidepression effect with a single administration. We hypothesized that intraoperative ketamine can reduce postpartum depressive symptoms after cesarean delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled study trail, healthy women scheduled for cesarean delivery were randomly assigned to receive intravenous ketamine (0.25\u00a0mg\/kg diluted to 5\u00a0ml with 0.9% saline) or placebo (5\u00a0ml of 0.9% saline) within 5\u00a0min following clamping of the neonatal umbilical cord. The primary outcome was the degree of postpartum depressive symptoms, which was evaluated by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS, a threshold of 9\/10 was used) at 1\u00a0week, 2\u00a0weeks, and 1\u00a0month after delivery. The secondary outcome was the numerical rating scale (NRS) score of pain at 2\u00a0days postpartum. This trail is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, number ChiCTR1900022464.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between 26 January 2019 and 15 July 2019, 502 subjects were screened and 330 were randomly allocated: 165 (50%) to the ketamine group and 165 (50%) to the placebo group. There were significant differences in the degree of postpartum depressive symptoms between subjects in the ketamine group and the placebo group at 1\u00a0week postpartum (13.1% vs. 22.6%, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.029). However, no difference was found between subjects in the two groups at 2\u00a0weeks (11.8% vs. 16.8%, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.209) and 1\u00a0month postpartum (10.5% vs. 14.2%, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.319). The NRS score of wound pain (3.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.9 vs. 4.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) and uterine contraction pain (3.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.9 vs. 4.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.9, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) was lower in the ketamine group at 2\u00a0days postpartum compared with placebo group. The prevalence of headache, hallucination, and dizziness was higher in the ketamine group than the placebo group during the operation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Operative intravenous ketamine (0.25\u00a0mg\/kg) can reduce the postpartum depressive symptoms for 1\u00a0week. The long\u2010time effect is remained to be seen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T22:27:31Z","timestamp":1597789651000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Intraoperative ketamine for reduction in postpartum depressive symptoms after cesarean delivery: A double\u2010blind, randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3417-0043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Department of Anesthesia Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Department of Anesthesia Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Department of Anesthesia Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Department of Anesthesia Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6392-5391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Department of Anesthesia Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Clinical management and service guidance: Updated edition","author":"Antenatal and Postnatal Mental Health","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670802415384"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2010.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00230-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2015.5346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"CD012033","article-title":"Perioperative intravenous ketamine for acute postoperative pain in adults","volume":"12","author":"Brinck E. 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