{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:05:17Z","timestamp":1790802317615,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current COVID\u201019 pandemic comes with multiple psychological stressors due to health\u2010related, social, economic, and individual consequences and may cause psychological distress. The aim of this study was to screen the population in Germany for negative impact on mental health in the current COVID\u201019 pandemic and to analyze possible risk and protective factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 6,509 people took part in an online survey in Germany from 27 March to 6 April. The questionnaire included demographic information and ascertained psychological distress, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and risk and protective factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In our sample, over 50% expressed suffering from anxiety and psychological distress regarding the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Participants spent several hours per day thinking about COVID\u201019 (\n                      <jats:italic>M\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      4.45). Psychological and social determinants showed stronger associations with anxiety regarding COVID\u201019 than experiences with the disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current COVID\u201019 pandemic does cause psychological distress, anxiety, and depression for large proportions of the general population. Strategies such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle and social contacts, acceptance of anxiety and negative emotions, fostering self\u2010efficacy, and information on where to get medical treatment if needed, seem of help, while substance abuse and suppression of anxiety and negative emotions seem to be associated with more psychological burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T05:42:21Z","timestamp":1594100541000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":341,"title":["Risk, resilience, psychological distress, and anxiety at the beginning of the COVID\u201019 pandemic in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7801-1434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz Bruno","family":"Petzold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3789-6205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonia","family":"Bendau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Plag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Pyrkosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Mascarell Maricic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Betzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janina","family":"Rogoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Gro\u00dfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Str\u00f6hle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10615808808248222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Best\u00e4tigter Coronavirus\u2010Fall in Bayern \u2013 Infektionsschutzma\u00dfnahmen laufen","author":"Bayrisches Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Gesundheit und Pflege","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.21994"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Coronavirus SARS\u2010CoV\u20102: Chronik der bisherigen Ma\u00dfnahmen","author":"Bundesgesundheitsministerium","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"Durchschnittsalter der Bev\u00f6lkerung (1871\u20102018)","author":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Bev\u00f6lkerungsforschung","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199828"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(01)00138-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00011-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"WHO Director\u2010General\u2019s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID\u201019 \u2013 11 March 2020.","author":"Ghebreyesus T. D.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638237.2014.1000676"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.202043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","volume-title":"Briefing note on addressing mental health and psychosocial aspects of COVID\u201019 Outbreak\u2010 Version 1.1","author":"Inter\u2010Agency Standing Committee","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","volume-title":"Mental Health and Psychosocial Support for Staff, Volunteers and Communities in an Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus","author":"International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1212.060584"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2167-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(01)00027-7"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"648","article-title":"COVID\u201019\u2010Pandemie: Psychische Belastungen k\u00f6nnen reduziert werden","volume":"117","author":"Petzold M. B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-020-00905-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2020-100213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","volume-title":"COVID\u201019: Fallzahlen in Deutschland und weltweit","author":"Robert Koch Institut","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.11.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5127\/jep.009110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051729"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2020.103573"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.09.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","volume-title":"Mental Health Considerations during COVID\u201019 Outbreak","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbrb3.1745","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.1745","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/brb3.1745","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.1745","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T02:14:25Z","timestamp":1693534465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.1745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.1745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.1745","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.1745\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.1745\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.1745\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.1745\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01745"}}