{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T22:46:24Z","timestamp":1784673984186,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16K16429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K16429"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18H03132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18H03132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000646","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>It has been suggested that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at both alpha and beta frequencies promotes motor function as well as motor learning. However, limited information exists on the aftereffects of tACS on motor learning and neurophysiological profiles such as entrainment and neural plasticity in parallel. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effect of tACS on motor learning and neurophysiological profiles using an off\u2010line tACS condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010three healthy participants were randomly assigned to 10\u00a0Hz, 20\u00a0Hz, or the sham group. Participants performed visuomotor learning tasks consisting of a baseline task (preadaptation task) and training task (adaptation task) to reach a target with a lever\u2010type controller. Electroencephalography was recorded from eight locations during the learning tasks. tACS was performed between the preadaptation task and adaptation task over the left primary motor cortex for 10\u00a0min at 1\u00a0mA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>As a result, 10\u00a0Hz tACS was shown to be effective for initial angular error correction in the visuomotor learning tasks. However, there were no significant differences in neural oscillatory activities among the three groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that initial motor learning can be facilitated even when 10\u00a0Hz tACS is applied under off\u2010line conditions. However, neurophysiological aftereffects were recently demonstrated to be induced by tACS at individual alpha frequencies rather than fixed alpha tACS, which suggests that the neurophysiological aftereffects by fixed frequency stimulation in the present study may have been insufficient to generate changes in oscillatory neural activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T05:48:39Z","timestamp":1595915319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Off\u2010line effects of alpha\u2010frequency transcranial alternating current stimulation on a visuomotor learning task"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Taiki","family":"Harada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Oita University Hospital Oita 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