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The neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM, L1) regulates myelination and promotes regeneration after acute injury in the nervous system. Berberine (BBR) can exert neuroprotective roles against the lesion. Herein, we investigated whether berberine (BBR) can affect the expression of L1 and enhance the axonal remyelination in rats following BPRA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The surgical procedures were performed to build the rat brachial plexus avulsion and re\u2010implantation model, and then, the rats were treated with BBR. After the rehabilitation for 12\u00a0weeks, the musculocutaneous nerves were collected for quantitative real\u2010time PCR, Western blot analysis, and histochemical and immunofluorescence staining.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed that, BBR treatment ameliorated the abnormal musculocutaneous nerve fibers morphology, up\u2010regulated the L1 expression, increased the myelination\u2010related genes, decreased the differentiated\u2010associated genes, and up\u2010regulated the phosphorylation of ERK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest that BBR may enhance L1 expression and promote axonal remyelination after spinal root avulsion.<\/jats:p>\n                  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