{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T22:25:20Z","timestamp":1783463120941,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) pandemic caused significant changes in the everyday functioning of the general population, as well as medical workers. Medical personnel, especially those in direct contact with COVID\u201019 patients, could have increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. The objective of this study was to explore the mental health status of medical personnel in Serbia during the pandemic by assessing stress levels, symptoms of anxiety, and depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study was conducted as an online\u2010based survey, in the period from 8 April to 14 April 2020, during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. The study included 1678 participants, and the snowball sampling technique was used to reach healthcare professionals. The level of stress and symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed among medical personnel in Serbia by the 10\u2010item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Beck Depression Inventory IA (BDI\u2010IA), and the 7\u2010item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD\u20107), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1678 participants completed the survey, with a mean age of 40.38\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.32\u00a0years, of which 1,315 (78.4%) were women, and 363 (21.6%) were men. Out of these, 684 (40.8%) participants were medical personnel, and 994 (59.2%) were people of other professions. Frontline medical personnel reported higher scores on all measurement tools than second\u2010line medical personnel (e.g., mean PSS scores: 19.12\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.66 versus 17.53\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.71;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.006; mean GAD\u20107 scores: 8.57\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.26 versus 6.73\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.76;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.001; mean BDI\u2010IA scores: 9.25\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.26 versus 7.36\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.28;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.006). Binary logistic regression showed that the probability of developing more severe anxiety symptoms doubles in frontline medical personnel.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that frontline medical personnel is under an increased psychological burden during the COVID\u201019 pandemic, having higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression than second\u2010line medical personnel. Adequate measures should be taken to relieve this burden and preserve the mental health of frontline medical personnel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T21:58:57Z","timestamp":1602971937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Mental health of medical personnel during the COVID\u201019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1953-8698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jovana","family":"Antonijevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Nis Nis Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6457-990X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iva","family":"Binic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Nis Nis Serbia"},{"name":"Psychiatry Clinic Clinical Centre Nis Nis Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivera","family":"Zikic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Nis Nis Serbia"},{"name":"Centre for Mental Health Protection Clinical Centre Nis Nis Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snezana","family":"Manojlovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Clinic Clinical Centre Nis Nis Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzana","family":"Tosic\u2010Golubovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Nis Nis Serbia"},{"name":"Psychiatry Clinic Clinical Centre Nis Nis Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7801-4232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola","family":"Popovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engeneering University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000395074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(88)90050-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.2.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2018.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"The Claremont Symposium of Applied Social Psychology. The social psychology of health","author":"Cohen S.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"CoronavirusCOVID\u201019.Objave centra za javno zdravlje. Accessed May 5 2020.https:\/\/covid19.rs\/objave\u2010centra\u2010za\u2010javno\u2010zdravlje\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Stress: Concepts, cognition, emotion, and behavior","author":"Fink G.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30168-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30047-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/429923"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112936"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2020-100213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191103258144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002247"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","volume-title":"State of emergency declared throughout Serbia","author":"The Government of the Republic of Serbia","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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Promoting mental health: concepts emerging evidence practice: a report of the World Health Organization Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse in collaboration with the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation and the University of Melbourne.World Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30046-8"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.1881","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/brb3.1881","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.1881","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T21:34:25Z","timestamp":1693604065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.1881"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.1881"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.1881","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.1881\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.1881\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.1881\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.1881\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.1881\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.1881\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.1881\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01881"}}