{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:10:48Z","timestamp":1787242248337,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary insomnia (PI) is defined as a sleep disorder with no definite cause or inducement. Electroacupuncture, a treatment of inserting needles into specific points on the body surface and applying electrical stimulation, has been proved effective in treating PI with minimal adverse effects. However, the influence of gender difference on the clinical treatment efficacy of electroacupuncture for PI patients remains unclear. Therefore, we designed a clinical trial to compare the clinical treatment efficacy of electroacupuncture for PI patients with different genders. The research on the mechanism of electroacupuncture suggested it could modulate the sleep and wakefulness by activating or deactivating brain regions via a needling\/tactile somatosensory specific stimulus. Therefore, we also designed a resting\u2010state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs\u2010fMRI) study to detect the spontaneous brain activity of PI patients before and after the electroacupuncture treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty PI patients were recruited to accept 5\u2010week electroacupuncture treatment on HT\u20107. Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) questionnaires were used to evaluate the clinical treatment efficacy. Rs\u2010fMRI was employed to observe the spontaneous brain activity in the resting state at the baseline and after 5\u00a0weeks of electroacupuncture treatment, which was measured by the fractional amplitude of low\u2010frequency fluctuations (fALFF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The AIS and PSQI scores were significantly decreased both in the female PI group and the male PI group after treatment. The decreased PSQI of female patients was significantly more than that of male patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). The gender\u2010related difference in the cerebral response to electroacupuncture was mainly in posterior cingulate and supramarginal gyrus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a gender\u2010related difference in the clinical treatment efficacy of electroacupuncture for PI patients, and female patients may benefit more from electroacupuncture. Gender\u2010related differences in the cerebral response to electroacupuncture may be one of the factors affecting clinical treatment efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T15:52:58Z","timestamp":1604505178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Gender\u2010related difference in altered fractional amplitude of low\u2010frequency fluctuations after electroacupuncture on primary insomnia patients: A resting\u2010state fMRI study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiao\u2010Hua","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology China\u2010Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University  Changchun 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