{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:04:47Z","timestamp":1787580287122,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31771152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31771152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31970932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31970932"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the recent outbreak of COVID\u201019, many countries have enacted various kinds of quarantine measures to slow down the explosive spread of COVID\u201019. Although these measures were proven to be successful in stopping the outbreak in China, the potential adverse effects of countrywide quarantine have not been thoroughly investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we performed an online survey to evaluate the psychological effects of quarantine using the Zung Self\u2010rating Anxiety Scale in February 2020 when the outbreak had nearly peaked in China. Along with the anxiety scores, limited personal information, such as age, gender, region, education, occupation, and specifically, the type and duration of quarantine, was collected for analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From a total of 992 valid questionnaires from 23 provinces in China, clinically significant anxiety symptoms were observed in 9.58% of respondents according to clinical diagnostic standards in China. The specific groups of people showing higher levels of anxiety were (a) adolescents (&lt;18\u00a0years); (b) respondents with education lower than junior high school; (c) people with chronic diseases; and (d) frontline medical personnel. Other characteristics, such as gender, marital status, region, and acquaintance with suspected or confirmed cases of COVID\u201019, did not affect anxiety levels significantly. Respondents who experienced different forms of quarantine showed different anxiety levels. People undergoing centralized quarantine have higher levels of anxiety. Unexpectedly, longer durations of quarantine did not lead to a significant increase in anxiety level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest a rather mild psychological influence caused by the countrywide quarantine during the COVID\u201019 outbreak in China and provide a reference for other countries and regions battling COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T05:03:59Z","timestamp":1605071039000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The effect of nationwide quarantine on anxiety levels during the COVID\u201019 outbreak in China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry The Affiliated Xuzhou Eastern Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Behavior Science Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Army Medical University Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neuroscience Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry The Affiliated Xuzhou Eastern Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6909-0476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry The Affiliated Xuzhou Eastern Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 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