{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:34:35Z","timestamp":1786977275365,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,22]],"date-time":"2014-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Somatic marker theory predicts that somatic cues serve intuitive decision making; however, cardiovascular symptoms are threat cues for patients with panic disorder (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). Therefore, enhanced cardiac perception may aid intuitive decision making only in healthy individuals, but impair intuitive decision making in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients and age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched volunteers without a psychiatric diagnosis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a017, respectively) completed the Iowa Gambling Task (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) as a measure of intuitive decision making. Interindividual differences in cardiac perception were assessed with a common mental\u2010tracking task.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In line with our hypothesis, we found a pattern of opposing associations (Fisher's\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.78,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.04) of high cardiac perception with improved\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010performance in matched control\u2010participants (\n                      <jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.36,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a014) but impaired\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010performance in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients (\n                      <jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u22120.38,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a013).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Interoceptive skills, typically assumed to aid intuitive decision making, can have the opposite effect in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients who experience interoceptive cues as threatening, and tend to avoid them. This may explain why\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients frequently have problems with decision making in everyday life. Screening of cardiac perception may help identifying patients who benefit from specifically tailored interventions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,22]],"date-time":"2014-01-22T07:53:56Z","timestamp":1390377236000},"page":"238-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Enhanced cardiac perception predicts impaired performance in the Iowa Gambling Task in patients with panic disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Julian","family":"W\u00f6lk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology I University of W\u00fcrzburg W\u00fcrzburg Germany"},{"name":"Sch\u00f6n Klinik Roseneck Hospital of Behavioral Medicine Prien am Chiemsee Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"S\u00fctterlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lillehammer University College Department of Psychology Lillehammer Norway"},{"name":"Research Group on Health Psychology University of Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sch\u00f6n Klinik Roseneck Hospital of Behavioral Medicine Prien am Chiemsee Germany"},{"name":"Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"V\u00f6gele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Health Psychology University of Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Research Group Self\u2010Regulation and Health Research Unit INSIDE University of Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan M.","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology I University of W\u00fcrzburg W\u00fcrzburg Germany"},{"name":"Comprehensive Heart Failure Center University of W\u00fcrzburg W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2004.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 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