{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:01:05Z","timestamp":1788238865660,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to report the possible association between minor trauma to the eyes and the subsequent occurrence of optic neuritis in patients with serum anti\u2010aquaporin\u20104 (AQP4) antibody\u2010positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Herein, we present three patients who developed acute optic neuritis with visual disturbances after accidental minor trauma to their eyes, without any fundus abnormality or orbital floor fractures present.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two of the three patients had a preceding history of neurological disturbances compatible with NMOSD (e.g., myelitis, area postrema syndrome) before the occurrence of trauma. One patient was rapidly treated with steroid pulse therapy and plasmapheresis, and he fully recovered visual acuity. The other two, who were left untreated in the acute phase, had sequelae of severe visual disturbances in the affected eyes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These cases suggest possible association between minor trauma to the eyes and the subsequent occurrence of optic neuritis in patients with serum anti\u2010AQP4 antibodies. Avoiding ocular trauma and early administration of steroid pulse therapy in response to optic neuritis after trauma are desired in such cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T17:51:39Z","timestamp":1613757099000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Optic neuritis after ocular trauma in anti\u2010aquaporin\u20104 antibody\u2010positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6728-4966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Akaishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan"},{"name":"Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Himori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Takeshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Fujihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Misu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital Yonezawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7170-7853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juichi","family":"Fujimori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Nakazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70919-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-018-0900-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.077693"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.1936"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1393734"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Traumatic optic neuropathy: A review of 24 patients","volume":"3","author":"Lee K. 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