{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:22:48Z","timestamp":1792131768301,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]],"date-time":"2021-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the presence of liver\u2010expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and to measure its concentrations in neurological disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials &amp; Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified the presence of LEAP2 in human CSF by chromatographic analysis and a LEAP2\u2010specific enzyme immunoassay. We measured LEAP2 concentrations in the CSF of 35 patients with neurological disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CSF LEAP2 concentrations in the bacterial meningitis group (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 9.32\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.76\u00a0ng\/ml) were significantly higher (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) than those in the other four groups (psychosomatic disorder, 0.56\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.15\u00a0ng\/ml; peripheral autoimmune disease, 1.00\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.60\u00a0ng\/ml; multiple sclerosis, 0.62\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.30\u00a0ng\/ml; aseptic meningitis, 1.59\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.69\u00a0ng\/ml).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study to identify the presence of human LEAP2 in the CSF. Levels of LEAP2 were increased in the CSF of patients with bacterial meningitis. LEAP2 may have potential as a biomarker for bacterial meningitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]],"date-time":"2021-04-03T03:20:14Z","timestamp":1617420014000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Human liver\u2010expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 elevation in the cerebrospinal fluid in bacterial meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1903-406X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsuya","family":"Sakai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Shiomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Nurul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Nabekura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Tanida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Sakoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masamitsu","family":"Nakazato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2018.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31818b4801"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18040798"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(73)80479-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20151227"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"dgaa803","article-title":"Identification and metabolic profiling of a novel human gut\u2010derived LEAP2 fragment","volume":"2","author":"Hagemann C. 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