{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:42:51Z","timestamp":1790678571126,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many researchers took advantage of the well\u2010established rubber hand illusion (RHI) paradigm to explore the link between the sense of body ownership and the different brain structures and networks. Here, we aimed to review the studies that have investigated this phenomenon by means of neurophysiological techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The MEDLINE, accessed by Pubmed and EMBASE electronic databases, was searched using the medical subject headings: \u201cRubber hand illusion\u201d AND \u201cTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)\u201d OR \u201cEvoked potentials (EP)\u201d OR \u201cEvent related potentials (ERP)\u201d OR \u201cElectroencephalography (EEG)\u201d.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies revealed a significant excitability drop in primary motor cortex hand circuits accompanying the disembodiment of the real hand during the RHI experience and that the perceived ownership over the rubber hand is associated with normal parietal\u2013motor communication. Moreover, TMS provided causal evidence that the extrastriate body area is involved in the RHI and subsequently in body representation, while neuromodulation of ventral premotor area and the inferior parietal lobe did not result in an enhancement of embodiment. EP and ERP studies suggest that pre\u2010existing body representations may affect larger stages of tactile processing and support predictive coding models of the functional architecture of multisensory integration in bodily perceptual experience. High\u2010frequency oscillations on EEG play a role in the integrative processing of stimuli across modalities, and EEG activity in \u03b3 band activity in the parietal area reflects the visuotactile integration process. EEG studies also revealed that RHI is associated with the neural circuits underlying motor control and that premotor areas play a crucial role in mediating illusory body ownership.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurophysiological studies shed new light on our understanding of the different aspects that contribute to the formation of a coherent self\u2010awareness in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T07:43:36Z","timestamp":1626853416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Neural mechanisms underlying the Rubber Hand Illusion: A systematic review of related neurophysiological 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