{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:14:25Z","timestamp":1790694865239,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1TR001880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1TR001880"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23\u2010NS073801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23\u2010NS073801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010NS087516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010NS087516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41\u2010EB015893"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41\u2010EB015893"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drug\u2010resistant epilepsy patients show worse outcomes after resection when standard neuroimaging is nonlesional, which occurs in one\u2010third of patients. In prior work, we employed 2\u2010D glutamate imaging, Glutamate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GluCEST), to lateralize seizure onset in nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) based on increased ipsilateral GluCEST signal in the total hippocampus and hippocampal head. We present a significant advancement to single\u2010slice GluCEST imaging, allowing for three\u2010dimensional analysis of brain glutamate networks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study population consisted of four MRI\u2010negative, nonlesional TLE patients (two male, two female) with electrographically identified left temporal onset seizures. Imaging was conducted on a Siemens 7T MRI scanner using the CEST method for glutamate, while the advanced normalization tools (ANTs) pipeline and the Automated Segmentation of the Hippocampal Subfields (ASHS) method were employed for image analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Volumetric GluCEST imaging was validated in four nonlesional TLE patients showing increased glutamate lateralized to the hippocampus of seizure onset (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.048, with a difference among ipsilateral to contralateral GluCEST signal percentage ranging from \u22120.05 to 1.37), as well as increased GluCEST signal in the ipsilateral subiculum (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.034, with a difference among ipsilateral to contralateral GluCEST signal ranging from 0.13 to 1.57).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ability of 3\u2010D, volumetric GluCEST to localize seizure onset down to the hippocampal subfield in nonlesional TLE is an improvement upon our previous 2\u2010D, single\u2010slice GluCEST method. Eventually, we hope to expand volumetric GluCEST to whole\u2010brain glutamate imaging, thus enabling noninvasive analysis of glutamate networks in epilepsy and potentially leading to improved clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T11:43:57Z","timestamp":1626176637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Volumetric glutamate imaging (GluCEST) using 7T MRI can lateralize nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy: A preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1681-4717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter N.","family":"Hadar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn Epilepsy Center Department of Neurology Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lohith G.","family":"Kini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi Prakash Reddy","family":"Nanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Magnetic Resonance &amp; Optical Imaging Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell T.","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie H.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn Epilepsy Center Department of Neurology Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preya","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E. 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