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Unfortunately, the most frequently employed lithium salt, lithium carbonate (Li\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), is associated with a host of adverse health outcomes following chronic use: these unwanted effects range from relatively minor inconveniences (e.g., polydipsia and polyuria) to potentially major complications (e.g., hypothyroidism and\/or renal impairment). As these undesirable effects can limit patient compliance, an alternative lithium compound with a lesser toxicity profile would dramatically improve treatment efficacy and outcomes. Lithium orotate (LiC\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ; henceforth referred to as LiOr), a compound largely abandoned since the late 1970s, may represent such an alternative. LiOr is proposed to cross the blood\u2013brain barrier and enter cells more readily than Li\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , which will theoretically allow for reduced dosage requirements and ameliorated toxicity concerns. This review addresses the controversial history of LiOr, complete with discussions of experimental and clinical efficacy, putative mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and its potential future in therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T22:08:18Z","timestamp":1625177298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Lithium orotate: A superior option for lithium therapy?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7832-254X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony G.","family":"Pacholko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology College of Medicine University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lane K.","family":"Bekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology College of Medicine University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(76)90839-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio233267a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a129127"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-017-0311-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/360481"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)57110-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2060587"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90026-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00039.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.01.007"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Assessment of treatment with orotate magnesium in early postoperative period of patients with cardiac insufficiency and coronary artery by\u2010pass grafts (ATOMIC)","volume":"37","author":"Branea I.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125312471963"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.125.4.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1949.tb36912.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.11.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197230"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Chokhawala K.","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","first-page":"491","article-title":"Magnesium orotate\u2014Experimental and clinical evidence","volume":"42","author":"Classen H. 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