{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:17:56Z","timestamp":1787242676704,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre\u2010treatment blood oxygenation level\u2010dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used for the early identification of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who later respond or fail to respond to medication. However, BOLD responses early after treatment initiation may offer insight into early neural changes associated with later clinical response. The present study evaluated both pre\u2010treatment and early post\u2010treatment fMRI responses to an emotion processing task, to further our understanding of neural changes associated with a successful response to pharmacological intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MDD patients who responded (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a022) and failed to respond (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a012) after 8\u00a0weeks of treatment with either citalopram or quetiapine extended release, and healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a018) underwent two fMRI scans, baseline (pre\u2010treatment), and early post\u2010treatment (one week after treatment commencement). Participants completed an emotional face matching task at both scans.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using threshold\u2010free cluster enhancement (TFCE) and non\u2010parametric permutation testing, fMRI activation maps showed that after one week of treatment, responders demonstrated increased activation in the left parietal lobule, precentral gyrus, and bilateral insula (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 threshold\u2010free cluster enhancement (TFCE) family\u2010wise error\u2010corrected) to negative facial expressions. Non\u2010responders showed some small increases in the precentral gyrus, while controls showed no differences between scans. Compared to non\u2010responders, responders showed some increased activation in the superior parietal lobule and middle temporal gyrus at the post\u2010treatment scan. There were no group differences between responders, non\u2010responders, and controls at baseline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One week after treatment commencement, BOLD signal changes in the parietal lobules, insula, and middle temporal gyrus were related to clinical response to pharmacological treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T15:43:00Z","timestamp":1627832580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Early post\u2010treatment blood oxygenation level\u2010dependent responses to emotion processing associated with clinical response to pharmacological treatment in major depressive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8949-1197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliot C.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neuroscience Research Center  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren L.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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