{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T01:08:50Z","timestamp":1788138530813,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,22]],"date-time":"2021-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81803307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81803307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Effective strategy for the treatment of depression is limited. This study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin A (BoNT\/A) in the treatment of depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy\u2010six patients were assigned to the BoNT\/A group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a052) and sertraline control group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a024). For the BoNT\/A group, BoNT\/A was injected into the frowning muscle, depressor muscle, occipital frontalis muscle, lateral canthus, and bilateral temporal region at 20 sites. Five units per site and a total of 100 units of BoNT\/A were given. Patients in the sertraline control group were medicated with sertraline 50\u2013200\u00a0mg (114.58 \u00b1 52.08\u00a0mg) per day. Depression was assessed by the 17\u2010item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD\u201017), 14\u2010item Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA\u201014), Self\u2010rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Self\u2010rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). All participants were followed up for 12\u00a0weeks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Scores of HAMD, HAMA, SDS, and SAS decreased significantly in both BoNT\/A and sertraline groups after treatment for 12\u00a0weeks. Overall, there were no differences in decreased magnitude between the two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&gt;\u00a0.05). The HAMA, SDS, and SAS results showed that the onset time of BoNT\/A was earlier than that of sertraline. Side effects rates were 15.38% for BoNT\/A and 33.33% for sertraline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrated significant antidepressant effects of BoNT\/A. The efficacy of BoNT\/A was comparable with established antidepressant sertraline. The onset time of BoNT\/A was earlier than sertraline, and the proportion of side effects was less than sertraline. Therefore, BoNT\/A could be a safe and effective option for the treatment of depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T02:03:03Z","timestamp":1629684183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin A on the treatment of depression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Qilin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease the Second Affiliated 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