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All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) to acquire data on brain structure and function, including gray matter volume (GMV), fractional amplitude of low\u2010frequency fluctuation (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), functional connectivity (FC), and brain network properties. The cognitive ability was evaluated with the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), intelligence quotient (IQ), and short delay free recall (SDFR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to LA, GMV significantly decreased in the brain regions in VN, SMN, and VAN in the alcohol\u2010drinking groups (BD, LD, LDD, and HD). ReHo was significantly enhanced in the brain regions in VN, SMN, and VAN, while fALFF significantly increased in the brain regions in VN and SMN. The number of intra\u2010 and inter\u2010modular connections within networks (VN, SMN, sensory control network [SCN], and VAN) and their connections to other modules were abnormally changed. These changes adversely affected cognition (e.g., IQ, CVLT, SDFR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the small sample size, this study provides new evidence supporting the need for young people to abstain from alcohol to protect their brains. These findings present strong reasoning for updating anti\u2010alcohol slogans and guidelines for young people in the future.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T19:29:15Z","timestamp":1637609355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Differential effects of alcohol\u2010drinking patterns on the structure and function of the brain and cognitive performance in young adult drinkers: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection Capital Medical University  Beijing 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