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A major advantage of ASL as opposed to blood\u2010oxygen\u2010level\u2010dependent functional neuroimaging is its applicability for low\u2010frequency designs. As such, ASL represents an interesting option for studies in which repeating an experimental event would reduce its ecological validity. Whereas most ASL pain studies so far have used thermal stimuli, to our knowledge, no ASL study so far has investigated pain responses to sharp mechanical pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As a proof of concept, we investigated whether ASL has the sensitivity to detect brain activation within core areas of the nociceptive network in healthy controls following a single stimulation block based on 96 s of mechanical painful stimulation using a blunt blade.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found significant increases in perfusion across many regions of the nociceptive network such as primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, premotor cortex, posterior insula, inferior parietal cortex, parietal operculum, temporal gyrus, temporo\u2010occipital lobe, putamen, and the cerebellum. Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not find any significant increase within ACC, thalamus, or PFC. Moreover, we were able to detect a significant positive correlation between pain intensity ratings and pain\u2010induced perfusion increase in the posterior insula.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We demonstrate that ASL is suited to investigate acute pain in a single event paradigm, although to detect activation within some regions of the nociceptive network, the sensitivity of our paradigm seemed to be limited. Regarding the posterior insula, our paradigm was sensitive enough to detect a correlation between pain intensity ratings and pain\u2010induced perfusion increase. Previous experimental pain studies have proposed that intensity coding in this region may be restricted to thermal stimulation. Our result demonstrates that the posterior insula encodes intensity information for mechanical stimuli as well.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T05:57:39Z","timestamp":1638943059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cerebral processing of sharp mechanical pain measured with arterial spin labeling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9276-4010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vita","family":"Cardinale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Traute","family":"Demirakca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroimaging and Core Facility ZIPP, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Gradinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Sack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Ruf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroimaging and Core Facility ZIPP, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1696-2488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Kleindienst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine University of Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schmahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Baumg\u00e4rtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MTCN), Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (ICAN) Medical School Hamburg  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Ende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroimaging and Core Facility ZIPP, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","article-title":"Recommended implementation of arterial spin\u2010labeled perfusion MRI for clinical applications: A consensus of the ISMRM perfusion study group and the European consortium for ASL in dementia","author":"Alsop D. 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