{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T22:46:28Z","timestamp":1787784388005,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a frequent mechanism of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that triggers a sequence of parenchymal changes that progresses from focal axonal shear injuries up to inflammatory response and delayed axonal disconnection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main purpose of this study is to evaluate changes in the axonal\/myelinic content and the brain volume up to 12 months after TBI and to correlate these changes with neuropsychological results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with DAI (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a025) were scanned at three time points after trauma (2, 6, and 12 months), and the total brain volume (TBV), gray matter volume, and white matter volume (WMV) were calculated in each time point. The magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) for the total brain (TB MTR), gray matter (GM MTR), and white matter (WM MTR) was also quantified. In addition, Hopkins verbal learning test (HVLT), Trail Making Test (TMT), and Rey\u2013Osterrieth Complex Figure test were performed at 6 and 12 months after the trauma.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was a significant reduction in the mean TBV, WMV, TB MTR, GM MTR, and WM MTR between time points 1 and 3 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). There was also a significant difference in HVLT\u2010immediate, TMT\u2010A, and TMT\u2010B scores between time points 2 and 3. The MTR decline correlated more with the cognitive dysfunction than the volume reduction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A progressive axonal\/myelinic rarefaction and volume loss were characterized, especially in the white matter (WM) up to 1 year after the trauma. Despite that, specific neuropsychological tests revealed that patients\u2019 episodic verbal memory, attention, and executive function improved during the study. The current findings may be valuable in developing long\u2010term TBI rehabilitation management programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T07:35:09Z","timestamp":1643700909000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Longitudinal assessment of magnetization transfer ratio, brain volume, and cognitive functions in diffuse axonal injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6009-7631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiola Bezerra de Carvalho","family":"Macruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Oncology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da USP  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabr\u00edcio Stewan","family":"Feltrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Oncology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da USP  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Zaninotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychology Division Department of Neurology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da USP  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vin\u00edcius Monteiro de Paula","family":"Guirado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Division Department of Neurology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da USP  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Concepcion Garcia","family":"Otaduy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Oncology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da USP  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam Harumi","family":"Tsunemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Penteado","family":"Nucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Oncology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da USP  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Rimkus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Oncology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da USP  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celi Santos","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Oncology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da USP  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia da Costa","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Oncology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da USP  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1989.tb03040.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Akin F. Coelho C. Cornis\u2010Pop M. et\u00a0al (2020).American Speech\u2010Language\u2010Hearing Association. Traumatic brain injury in adults (practice portal).www.asha.org\/Practice\u2010Portal\/Clinical\u2010Topics\/Traumatic\u2010Brain\u2010Injury\u2010in\u2010Adults\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2586(200001)11:1<1::AID-JMRI1>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/clin.12.1.43.1726"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200104000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.295095034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx354"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.0214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.12.1613"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0683"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617712000835"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)61004-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084162"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2013(09)04"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Frieden T. R. Houry D. &Baldwin G.(2015).https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/traumaticbraininjury\/pdf\/TBI_Report_to_Congress_Epi_and_Rehab\u2010a.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2586(200006)11:6<586::AID-JMRI3>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"1327","article-title":"Age\u2010related total gray matter and white matter changes in normal adult brain. Part I: Volumetric MR imaging analysis","volume":"23","author":"Ge Y.","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2012.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050010005887"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(03)00189-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639008400960"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.09.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.135330"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1477"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"S28","article-title":"The diagnosis of head injury requires a classification based on computed axial tomography","volume":"9","author":"Marshall L. F.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","first-page":"875","article-title":"Magnetization transfer imaging in the detection of injury associated with mild head trauma","volume":"21","author":"McGowan J. C.","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102012\u2010302644"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00528"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00887"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-008-1001-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.02.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.03.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09084282.2011.595456"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.084"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Changing patterns in the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury","volume":"9","author":"Roozenbeek B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00263"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/1380-3395(200002)22:1;1-8;FT025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.08.030"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Magnetization transfer imaging and proton MR spectroscopy in the evaluation of axonal injury: Correlation with clinical outcome after traumatic brain injury","volume":"22","author":"Sinson G.","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.9.JNS09626"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","volume-title":"A compendium of neuropsychological test: Administration, norms and commentary","author":"Spreen O.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"GNU Parallel \u2010 The Command\u2010Line Power Tool.login: The USENIX","volume":"36","author":"Tange O.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Magasine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.33000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.0205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390490919245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2016.29"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.2490","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/brb3.2490","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.2490","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T00:01:04Z","timestamp":1692316864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.2490"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.2490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.2490","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.2490\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.2490\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.2490\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.2490\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.2490\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/BRB3.2490\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2490"}}