{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:31:47Z","timestamp":1786977107509,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with dementia are more prone to acquire COVID\u201019 infection. Patients with COVID\u201019 showed a tendency to develop cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to study the clinical manifestations of COVID\u201019 infection among adult Sudanese demented patients and the prevalence of cognitive impairment among adult Sudanese nondemented patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a descriptive cross\u2010sectional study that took place in Sudan, Khartoum state in the period (September to December 2021) in a private neurology\/psychiatry clinic. A total of 135 adult Sudanese patients were included in this study and were divided into two groups. The first group consists of 100 patients with a known history of dementia that got infected recently with COVID\u201019, while the second group consists of 35 patients who developed some sort of cognitive impairment after recovering from COVID\u201019 infection. Regarding the second group, cognitive functions were assessed by senior consultant neurologist and senior consultant psychiatrist using a well validated neuropsychological measure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 100 patients in the first group, females were 60 and males were 40. Age distribution is between 63 and 98. The common presenting symptoms of COVID\u201019 among this group were cough and fever (90 patients), diarrhea and vomiting (5 patients), breathlessness (4 patients), coughing of blood (5 patients), convulsions (1 patient), paraplegia (1 patient), and hemiplegia (1 patient). Regarding the second group, age distribution varied from 30 to 80 years. Cognitive functions impairment was noticed as follows: memory recall (22%), memory recognition (23%), memory encoding (24%), processing speed (16%), executive functioning (19%), phonemic fluency (17%), and category fluency (17%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with dementia are more susceptible to develop COVID\u201019 infection. Patients with COVID\u201019 Infection are at risk of developing some sort of cognitive impairment after recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T11:59:45Z","timestamp":1645617585000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["RETRACTED: COVID\u201019 and cognitive impairment: A cross\u2010sectional clinic\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Amira","family":"Siddig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine AlNeelain University  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4608-5321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khabab","family":"Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abdelrahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Daoud Research Group Charity Clinic  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AlHussien","family":"Abbasher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AlYarmouk College of Medicine  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abubaker Alsedig","family":"Abbasher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zamzam College of Medicine  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Abbasher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine AlNeelain University  Khartoum 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Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health\u2010topics\/coronavirus#tab=tab_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/dementia"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16104-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-020-00186-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5393"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"Covid\u201019 may result in brain damage and increase the risk of 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