{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:29:35Z","timestamp":1787315375274,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Migraine\u2014and episodic headache\u2014is one of the most common types of primary headache. Migraine is considered a serious health problem that affects the quality of life. During university life, students often report increased levels of stress, depression, anxiety, and irregular sleep, all of which are associated with migraines. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of migraine headaches among medical campus students at the University of Khartoum, Sudan. Based on available data, migraine is on the rise in both general populations as well as in university students.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This is a cross\u2010sectional study. The study population was composed of students registered to the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy at Khartoum University in the academic years of 2020\u20132021. Out of these, 318 of them accepted to participate. Participants who had two or more headaches in the last 3 months formed the headache group. Afterwards, two preliminary questions were applied to the headache group and participants with at least one affirmative response were asked to perform the validated ID\u2010Migraine\u2122 test.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The mean age of 318 students participating in the study was 19.23 \u00b1 1.84 (17\u201339 years), with adolescents:adult ratio being 2.5:1. A total of 1613 students (43.7%) had at least two headaches in the last 3 months. Migraine\u2010type headache was detected in 266 subjects (7.2%) based on the ID\u2010Migraine\u2122 test. Of the migraine group, 72 were male (27.1%) and 194 were female (72.9%). There was no significant difference in migraine prevalence between adolescent and adult age groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n With prevalence similar to adults, primary care physicians should be aware of the probability of migraine headaches in university students in order to maintain a successful school performance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T01:34:13Z","timestamp":1650591253000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prevalence of migraine headaches and their impact on the academic performance of Sudanese medical students using ID\u2010Migraine test as a screening tool: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7718-0968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moaid Mohamed","family":"Osman Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4608-5321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khabab","family":"Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7131-423X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla","family":"Omer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gadarif University Al Qadarif Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1129\u20102377\u201015\u201026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064\u2010016\u20103372\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2002.02225.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","article-title":"The epidemiology of migraine headache in Arab countries: A systematic review","volume":"2020","author":"El\u2010Metwally A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific World Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1129\u20102377\u201014\u201054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra010917"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of migraine and trigger factors among adult rural Sudanese population 2018","volume":"36","author":"Halay S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102415583982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647\u2010199902000\u201000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Neurovascular and molecular mechanisms in migraine headaches","volume":"5","author":"Moskowitz M. A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cerebrovascular and Brain Metabolism Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"S44","article-title":"Migraine pathophysiology: Anatomy of the trigeminovascular pathway and associated neurological symptoms, cortical spreading depression, sensitization, and modulation of pain","volume":"154","author":"Noseda R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526\u20104610.2010.01776.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102377\u201011\u2010103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100030\u20101249220"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.1521"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/339078"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2007.01470.x"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.2588","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/brb3.2588","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.2588","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T09:20:22Z","timestamp":1693214422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.2588"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.2588"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.2588","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2588"}}