{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T19:53:39Z","timestamp":1787428419502,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To the best of our knowledge, studies have been rarely conducted to assess the correlation between cognitive deficit, self\u2010esteem, and alexithymia in the depressive symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ). Therefore, this study aims to explore the risk factors associated with impairment of cognitive function, alexithymia, and self\u2010esteem among a representative sample of first\u2010episode schizophrenic patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recruited 107 first\u2010episode schizophrenic patients (48.6% male, 51.4% female, 36.94 \u00b1 10.73 years) into the research group, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition). A total of 45 healthy people (51.1% male, 48.9% female, 32.47 \u00b1 10.94 years) were enlisted in the healthy control group. Psychotic symptoms were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Cognitive functions were estimated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). The feelings of respect and self\u2010acceptance were tested using the Rosenberg Self\u2010Esteem Scale (RSES). Emotion of identifying and describing were measured by self\u2010report scale of Toronto Alexithymia Scale\u201020 (TAS\u201020).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall cognitive impairment and alexithymia were found more serious in the patients of SCZ than the healthy group (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.001, respectively). The patients of SCZ have higher self\u2010esteem than the healthy group (<jats:italic>p\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.013). Total score of MoCA, ability of visual space and executive function, and delayed recall were explored had negatively correlation with alexithymia (<jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0\u2212.319, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.001; <jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0\u2212.248, <jats:italic>p\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.010; <jats:italic>r\u00a0=\u00a0\u2212<\/jats:italic>0.263, <jats:italic>p\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.006). Total score of RSES and depressive symptoms of PANSS had a positive correlation with alexithymia (<jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.394, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.001; <jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.208, <jats:italic>p\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.032). Stepwise regression analyses have shown a positive relationship between difficulty describing feelings and depression subscale of PANSS (<jats:italic>\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.188, <jats:italic>t\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0\u22122.007, <jats:italic>p\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.047) while a negative relationship between externally oriented thinking and depression subscale of PANSS (<jats:italic>\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u2212.244, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22122.603, <jats:italic>p\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.011). A positive link correlation also was found between the total scores of TAS and RSES (<jats:italic>\u03b2\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.372, <jats:italic>t\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a04.144, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.001). A negative relevance was found between the total scores of TAS and scores of MoCA (<jats:italic>\u03b2\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0\u2212.305, <jats:italic>t\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0\u22123.348, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall impairment of cognitive function and alexithymia are commonly encountered in SCZ patients. Poor cognitive function, alexithymia, and high level self\u2010esteem may be specific detective risk factors for the depressive symptoms of SCZ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T03:00:24Z","timestamp":1654743624000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Exploring the link between cognitive deficit, self\u2010esteem, alexithymia, and depressive symptom of schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases Hefei Fourth People's Hospital  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Anhui Mental Health Center  Hefei Anhui 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