{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T14:48:37Z","timestamp":1791643717480,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81673950\uff1b 81901239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81673950\uff1b 81901239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aims of this pilot study were to investigate the levels of biomarkers of microglial\/macrophage activation\u2014YKL\u201040, sCD163, and sCD14\u2014in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and determine the possible associations between these biomarkers and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We measured the levels of three microglia\u2010\/macrophage\u2010related proteins (YKL\u201040, soluble CD163, and soluble CD14) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays. In addition, patients\u2019 neurological disability levels were assessed using EDSS scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      NMOSD patients had significantly higher CSF levels of YKL\u201040(210.52\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0161.62 for NMOSD and 63.18\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.22 for control), sCD163 (87.23\u00a0\u00b1\u00a056.85 for NMOSD and 58.14\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.66 for control), and sCD14 (68.22\u00a0\u00b1\u00a024.11 for NMOSD and 55.75\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.48 for control) compared with controls. Furthermore, these biomarker levels were positively correlated with EDSS scores in patients with NMOSD (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.303,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.002 for YKL\u201040;\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00310,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.001 for sCD14;\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.250,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.011 for sCD163), but not in patients with multiple sclerosis or glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that microglial\/macrophage activation may be implicated in the pathogenesis of NMOSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T14:20:29Z","timestamp":1666966829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Microglial\/macrophage activation in the cerebrospinal fluid of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jinghong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University  Chenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital  Chenzhou 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