{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T23:42:22Z","timestamp":1778542942328,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with substance use disorders (SUD) under methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) are susceptible to a number of complications (psychological and metabolic disorders). Evidence studies have shown the roles of the glutamatergic system in addiction. N\u2010Acetylcysteine (NAC) enhances extracellular glutamate, and is effective in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. We assessed oral NAC as an add\u2010on to MMT medication for the treatment of SUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the current randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled clinical trial, outpatients with SUD under MMT who were 18\u201360 years old received 2400\u00a0mg\/day NAC (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a030) or placebo (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a030) for 12\u00a0weeks. Psychological status and metabolic biomarkers were assessed at baseline and the end of the trial.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with the placebo group, NAC treatment resulted in a significant improvement in depression score (\u03b2 \u22122.36; 95% CI, \u22123.97, \u22120.76;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.005), and anxiety score (\u03b2 \u22121.82; 95% CI, \u22123.19, \u22120.44;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.01). Furthermore, NAC treatment resulted in a significant elevation in total antioxidant capacity levels (\u03b2 72.28\u00a0mmol\/L; 95% CI, 11.36, 133.19;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.02), total glutathione (GSH) levels (\u03b2 81.84\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L; 95% CI, 15.40, 148.28;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.01), and a significant reduction in high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein levels (\u03b2 \u22120.89\u00a0mg\/L; 95% CI, \u22121.50, \u22120.28;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.005), and homeostasis model of assessment\u2010insulin resistance (\u03b2 \u22120.33; 95% CI, \u22120.65, \u22120.009;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.04), compared with the placebo group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the current study, improvement in depression and anxiety symptoms as well as some metabolic profiles with NAC treatment for 12\u00a0weeks in outpatients with SUD under MMT was detected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T10:19:06Z","timestamp":1669803546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The therapeutic effect of N\u2010acetylcysteine as an add\u2010on to methadone maintenance therapy medication in outpatients with substance use disorders: A randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fateme","family":"Padoei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Kashan University 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