{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T18:51:46Z","timestamp":1782240706810,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z200024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z200024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to explore the relationship between psychiatric disorders and the risk of epilepsy using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We collected summary statistics of seven psychiatric traits from recent largest genome\u2010wide association study (GWAS), including major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BIP), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and insomnia. Then, MR analysis estimates were performed based on International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) consortium data (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>case<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a015,212 and\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>control<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a029,677), the results of which were subsequently validated in FinnGen consortium (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>case<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a06260 and\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>control<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0176,107). Finally, a meta\u2010analysis was conducted based on the ILAE and FinnGen data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found significant causal effects of MDD and ADHD on epilepsy in the meta\u2010analysis of the ILAE and FinnGen, with corresponding odds ratios (OR) of 1.20 (95% CI 1.08\u20131.34,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.001) and 1.08 (95% CI 1.01\u20131.16,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.020) by the inverse\u2010variance weighted (IVW) method respectively. MDD increases the risk of focal epilepsy while ADHD has a risk effect on generalized epilepsy. No reliable evidence regarding causal effects of other psychiatric traits on epilepsy was identified.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that major depressive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder may causally increase the risk of epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T01:39:54Z","timestamp":1677721194000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Causal effect of psychiatric disorders on epilepsy: A two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Gongfei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiqi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiechuan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5946-2918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders Capital Medical University  Beijing 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