{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:20:33Z","timestamp":1790198433500,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Muslims fast every year during the month of Ramadan from dawn until dusk. This study examined mental well\u2010being and correlating factors among Nigerian adults who observed Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A\u00a0validated generalized anxiety disorder\u20102 and Patient Health Questionnaire\u20102, the four\u2010item spiritual well\u2010being index, and the Islamic intrinsic religiosity questionnaire were used to collect data about mental well\u2010being (depression, anxiety), spirituality, and intrinsic religiosity\u00a0through a web\u2010based survey between the May 9, 2021 (27th\u00a0of Ramadan, 1442) and the June 4, 2021 (29th\u00a0of\u00a0Shawwal, 1442). We studied the mental well\u2010being of respondents over a period of 4 weeks before Ramadan (BR) and during the 4 weeks of Ramadan between the April 12, 2021 and the May 12, 2021(DR).\u00a0Multinomial regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with depression and anxiety. This research did not receive any grant or funding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A\u00a0total of 770 adult\u00a0Nigerians who observed RIF\u00a0study\u00a0were included in this cross\u2010sectional study.\u00a0When compared to mental well\u2010being BR, observing\u00a0RIF\u00a0by Nigerian adult respondents\u00a0was\u00a0associated with a significant improvement in their mental well\u2010being. A higher proportion of respondents felt less depressed DR (61.3% vs. 56.5%. &lt; .001). Interest and pleasure in doing things improved DR than BR (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007) and respondents felt less nervous and anxious (60.7% vs. 57.1%, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001). Mental well\u2010being was independently associated with sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, and perceived relationships.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found significant improvement in mental well\u2010being DR compared to BR despite the ongoing COVID\u201019 pandemic. The effect of RIF on mental well\u2010being needs further research\u00a0with multicentric studies among different sets of ethnic populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T01:40:31Z","timestamp":1681522831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Perceived changes in the mental well\u2010being among Nigerians due to Ramadan Intermittent Fasting during the COVID\u201019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sahabi Kabir","family":"Sulaiman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Yobe State University Teaching Hospital  Damaturu Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatimah Isma'il","family":"Tsiga\u2010Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine 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Adeyemi","family":"Kareem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Geriatric Psychiatry Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Maiduguri  Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8920-6483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farouq Muhammad","family":"Dayyab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and Tuberculosis Unit Infectious Diseases Hospital Kano Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aminu","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Yobe State University Teaching Hospital  Damaturu Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shehu","family":"Sale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Psychiatry Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kware Sokoto Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Bayero University Kano  Kano 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