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Although whisker deprivation (WD) induces plastic changes in the cortical neurons, tactile stimulation (TS) during the neonatal period may reverse it. Here, we investigate the interaction effects of TS and WD on behavioral and histologic features of barrel cortex neurons in juvenile Val\u2010treated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Control (CTL, CTL\u2013TS, CTL\u2013WD, and CTL\u2013TS\u2013WD groups) and Val\u2010treated (Val, Val\u2013TS, Val\u2013WD, and Val\u2013TS\u2013WD groups) rats of both sexes were subjected to behavioral tests of social interaction, and novel texture recognition, and Nissl staining. The TS groups were exposed to sensory stimulation for 15\u00a0min, three times\/day; moreover, all whiskers in the WD groups were trimmed every other day from postnatal days 1 to 21.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both prenatal valproic acid administration and postnatal WD decreased the rats\u2019 performance percentage of the Val and CTL\u2013WD groups of both sexes compared with the CTL groups in the social interaction and texture discrimination tests. Following TS, the performance of the Val\u2013TS\u2013WD group increased significantly compared to the Val group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05), whereas the performance of the CTL\u2013TS\u2013WD group rescued to the CTL group. Nissl staining results also revealed the neuron degeneration percentage in the barrel field area of the Val and CTL\u2013WD groups was increased significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) compared with the CTL group. In this regard, TS decreased the neuron degeneration percentage of the Val\u2013TS\u2013WD and the CTL\u2013TS\u2013WD groups, compared with the CTL group, significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TS in juvenile male and female rats can act as a modulator and compensate for the behavioral and histological consequences of WD and prenatal valproic acid exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T02:02:08Z","timestamp":1681696928000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Alteration in social interaction and tactile discrimination of juvenile autistic\u2010like rats following tactile stimulation and whisker deprivation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3749-3406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bi Bi Marzieh","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center Institute of Neuropharmacology Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5122-9900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Afarinesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center Institute of Neuropharmacology Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"},{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center Institute of Neuropharmacology Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Jafaripour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy School of Medicine Dezful University of Medical Sciences  Dezful Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Sheibani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center Institute of Neuropharmacology Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"},{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center Institute of Neuropharmacology Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-017-0027-z"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"The effects of de\u2010whiskering and congenital hypothyroidism on the development of nitrergic neurons in rat primary somatosensory and motor cortices","volume":"20","author":"Afarinesh M. 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