{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T13:32:26Z","timestamp":1781530346728,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of anti\u2010metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) encephalitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed the clinical data of five patients with anti\u2010mGluR5 encephalitis, and performed a literature review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The five cases included a 52\u2010year\u2010old man who developed a biphasic course of anti\u2010mGluR5 encephalitis after herpes simplex encephalitis, a 22\u2010year\u2010old woman who showed bilateral basal ganglia lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and a 36\u2010year\u2010old man with mixed aphasia and generalized tonic\u2010clonic seizures, a 51\u2010year\u2010old man presented with personality changes, hallucinations, delusions, sleeping disorders and a 58\u2010year\u2010old man with short\u2010term memory deficits and absence seizures.. There are 16 reported cases of anti\u2010mGluR5 encephalitis worldwide. Of all 21 patients, with a median onset age of 35 years old, the main neurological symptoms were cognitive impairment (85.7%, 18\/21), psychiatric or behavior problems (76.2%, 16\/21), seizures (57.1%, 12\/21), sleeping disorders (52.4%, 11\/21), different degrees of decreased consciousness (42.9%, 9\/21), and movement disorders (23.8%, 5\/21). Brain MRI was normal in 11 of 21 patients. Lesions of the limbic lobes were presented in 5 patients, while involvement of other extralimbic regions was also reported. Seven of 21 (33.3%) cases were combined with tumors. Elevated white blood cell counts or specific oligoclonal IgG bands in the cerebrospinal fluid were found in 18 of 21 patients, with marked improvements observed after immunotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with anti\u2010mGluR5 encephalitis typically present with diffuse, rather than purely limbic, encephalitis. Anti\u2010mGluR5 encephalitis can be triggered by herpes simplex encephalitis. The risk of a combined tumor may be reduced in anti\u2010mGluR5 encephalitis patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T05:40:51Z","timestamp":1681537251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Anti\u2010metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 encephalitis: Five case reports and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sixian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuhong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University  Chifeng Inner Mongolia China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5828-370X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuze","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing 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