{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T18:46:19Z","timestamp":1785005179466,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171536"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171536"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) are central in immune anatomy. MLNs are associated with the composition of gut microbiota, affecting the central system and immune system. Gut microbiota was found to differ among individuals of different social hierarchies. Nowadays, excision of MLNs is more frequently involved in gastrointestinal surgery; however, the potential side effects of excision of MLNs on social dominance are still unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MLNs were removed from male mice (7\u20138\u00a0weeks old). Four weeks after MLN removal, social dominance test was performed to investigate social dominance; hippocampal and serum interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, IL\u201010, and tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) were investigated; and histopathology was used to evaluate local inflammation of the ileum. The composition of the gut microbiota was then examined to understand the possible mechanism, and finally intraperitoneal injection of IL\u201010 was used to validate the effect of IL\u201010 on social dominance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a decrease in social dominance in the operation group compared to the control group, as well as a decrease in serum and hippocampal IL\u201010 levels, but no difference in serum and hippocampal IL\u20101\u03b2 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels, and no local inflammation of the ileum after MLN removal. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that the relative abundance of the class Clostridia was decreased in the operation group. This decrease was positively associated with serum IL\u201010 levels. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of IL\u201010 in a subset of mice increased social dominance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggested that MLNs contributed to maintaining social dominance, which might be associated with reduced IL\u201010 and the imbalance of specific flora in gut microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T02:05:30Z","timestamp":1683597930000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Excision of mesenteric lymph nodes alters gut microbiota and impairs social dominance in adult mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research 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