{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:04:15Z","timestamp":1791417855950,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]],"date-time":"2015-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depressive symptoms have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but less is known about anxiety disorders that can be comorbid or exist without depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in subjects consecutively examined at an outpatient clinic for diabetes prevention who were at\u2010risk for T2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>, defined by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FINDRISK<\/jats:styled-content> scores, and compared metabolic syndrome (MetS) frequencies between subjects with and without psychiatric morbidity, entering also relevant variables for MetS into multivariate analyses. All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OGTT<\/jats:styled-content>). Psychiatric diagnosis was confirmed using a Structured Clinical Interview for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 260 consecutively screened subjects, 150 (56.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.1\u00a0years old, males\u00a0=\u00a056.7%, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a027.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.1\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) were at\u2010risk for T2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> and were included. MetS, present in 27% of males and 25% of females, was significantly associated with having a current anxiety disorder (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and lifetime major depression (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). In logistic regression analysis, MetS was significantly associated with lifetime major depression, presence of any anxiety disorder, body weight, and physical activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data in a high\u2010risk group for T2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> support the association between depressive disorders and MetS, pointing to a similar role of anxiety disorders. Screening for anxiety and depression is recommended in this group at risk for T2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,22]],"date-time":"2015-01-22T00:17:02Z","timestamp":1421885822000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Depression, anxiety disorders, and metabolic syndrome in a population at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Kai G.","family":"Kahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Carl\u2010Gustav\u2010Carus University TU Dresden Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Schweiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy UK\u2010SH L\u00fcbeck University Medical School L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Correll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Zucker Hillside Hospital Psychiatry Research North Shore\u2010Long Island Jewish Health System Glen Oaks New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conrad","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Carl\u2010Gustav\u2010Carus University TU Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Luise","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Carl\u2010Gustav\u2010Carus University TU Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Carl\u2010Gustav\u2010Carus University TU Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Carl\u2010Gustav\u2010Carus University TU Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02464.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01943.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.1.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2010.04.1761"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/PM.42.4.c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"414","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome: relevance to antidepressant treatment","volume":"31","author":"Chokka P.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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