{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T04:45:40Z","timestamp":1780461940780,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ideas Grant APP1188181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ideas Grant APP1188181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001771","name":"University of Newcastle Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Vice Chancellor's HDR Academic Career Pathway Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Vice Chancellor's HDR Academic Career Pathway Scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The efferent vestibular system (EVS) is a feedback circuit thought to modulate vestibular afferent activity by inhibiting type II hair cells and exciting calyx\u2010bearing afferents in the peripheral vestibular organs. In a previous study, we suggested EVS activity may contribute to the effects of motion sickness. To determine an association between motion sickness and EVS activity, we examined the effects of provocative motion (PM) on c\u2010Fos expression in brainstem efferent vestibular nucleus (EVN) neurons that are the source of efferent innervation in the peripheral vestibular organs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>c\u2010Fos is an immediate early gene product expressed in stimulated neurons and is a well\u2010established marker of neuronal activation. To study the effects of PM, young adult C57\/BL6 wild\u2010type (WT), aged WT, and young adult transgenic <jats:italic>Chat\u2010gCaMP6<jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> mice were exposed to PM, and tail temperature (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>tail<\/jats:sub>) was monitored using infrared imaging. After PM, we used immunohistochemistry to label EVN neurons to determine any changes in c\u2010Fos expression. All tissue was imaged using laser scanning confocal microscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infrared recording of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>tail<\/jats:sub> during PM indicated that young adult WT and transgenic mice displayed a typical motion sickness response (tail warming), but not in aged WT mice. Similarly, brainstem EVN neurons showed increased expression of c\u2010Fos protein after PM in young adult WT and transgenic mice but not in aged cohorts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present evidence that motion sickness symptoms and increased activation of EVN neurons occur in young adult WT and transgenic mice in response to PM. In contrast, aged WT mice showed no signs of motion sickness and no change in c\u2010Fos expression when exposed to the same provocative stimulus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T04:44:46Z","timestamp":1688445886000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Aged mice are less susceptible to motion sickness and show decreased efferent vestibular activity compared to young adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3986-8280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Lorincz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy The University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah R.","family":"Drury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy The University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doug W.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy The University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy The University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan M.","family":"Brichta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy The University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.161.13.444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487309121496"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487309121495"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(89)90028-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000101959"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)62083-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-3899-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(92)90003-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2001152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/7060.2000.00042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4388(95)80022-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2006.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200502000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2015.1071700"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10418"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03326598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.1993.1006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"c\u2010Fos expression in neurons of the rat vestibulo\u2010autonomic pathway activated by sinusoidal galvanic vestibular stimulation","volume":"3","author":"Holstein G. 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