{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T07:32:28Z","timestamp":1781076748545,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between programed cell death\u2010ligand 1 (PD\u2010L1) and tumor\u2010infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in vestibular schwannoma (VS) has been investigated in a few studies. These published studies report a difference in the PD\u2010L1 positivity rate in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. We examined PD\u2010L1 expression and lymphocyte infiltration in patients with VS who had undergone surgical resection and investigated the association between PD\u2010L1 expression and clinicopathological features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The expression of PD\u2010L1, CD8, and Ki\u201067 in 40 VS tissue specimens was investigated using immunohistochemistry, and a clinical review of the patients was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 40 VS samples, 23 (57.5%) were positive for PD\u2010L1 and 22 (55%) were positive for CD8. No significant differences in age, tumor size, pure\u2010tone audiometry, speech discrimination, or Ki\u201067 expression were observed between patients in the PD\u2010L1\u2010positive and PD\u2010L1\u2010negative groups. A higher level of CD8\u2010positive cell infiltration was observed in PD\u2010L1\u2010positive tumors than in PD\u2010L1\u2010negative tumors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We demonstrated that PD\u2010L1 was expressed in VS tissues. Although no correlation was identified between clinical characteristics and PD\u2010L1 expression, the association between PD\u2010L1 and CD8 was confirmed. Thus, additional research on targeting PD\u2010L1 is necessary to improve immunotherapy for VS in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T09:24:38Z","timestamp":1687857878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The significance of programed cell death\u2010ligand 1 expression in vestibular schwannoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Se A","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine Bucheon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susie","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine Bucheon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School Hwasun Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung\u2010Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School Hwasun Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung\u2010Sub","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School Hwasun Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2866-9841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Dae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine Bucheon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045\u2010019\u20100779\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03290450053025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181e40e4f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102007\u201011\u2010123141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262\u2010017\u20101954\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.4.0807"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002782"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194\u20105998(95)70101\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CNE.0000409880.77574.8e"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","article-title":"Signs and symptoms of acoustic neuroma at initial presentation: An exploratory analysis","volume":"9","author":"Foley R. 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