{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T17:05:06Z","timestamp":1788109506272,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insomnia is prevalent in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) and is a key diagnostic criterion of MDD; however, little is understood about the burden of insomnia symptom severity in MDD. We evaluated the relationship between insomnia symptom severity and the clinical, economic, and patient\u2010centric burden among community\u2010dwelling individuals with MDD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Respondents with diagnosed depression who reported insomnia symptoms in the past 12 months (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a04402) were identified from the 2019 United States National Health and Wellness Survey. Multivariable analyses assessed the association of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) with health\u2010related outcomes while controlling for sociodemographic and health characteristics. Further analyses also controlled for depression severity (9\u2010item Patient Health Questionnaire).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean ISI score was 14.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.6. Higher ISI was associated with greater depression severity (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.51,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). After adjustments, a one\u2010standard deviation (5.6\u2010point) increase in ISI score was significantly associated with higher depression (rate ratio [RR]\u00a0=\u00a01.36), anxiety (RR\u00a0=\u00a01.33) and daytime sleepiness (RR\u00a0=\u00a01.16) levels, more healthcare provider (RR\u00a0=\u00a01.13) and emergency room visits (RR\u00a0=\u00a01.31), hospitalizations (RR\u00a0=\u00a01.21), work productivity and activity impairment (RRs\u00a0=\u00a01.27 and 1.23, respectively), and poorer mental and physical health\u2010related quality of life (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22123.853 and \u22121.999, respectively) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). These findings remained statistically significant when controlling for concurrent depression severity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In adults with MDD, greater insomnia symptom severity is associated with worse health\u2010related outcomes, which suggests the importance of addressing insomnia symptoms as a clinical target for treating MDD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T07:00:27Z","timestamp":1689145227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The clinical, economic, and patient\u2010centric burden of insomnia symptom severity in adults with major depressive disorder in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9263-5158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kruti","family":"Joshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Scientific Affairs LLC Titusville New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0061-104X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Janelle","family":"Cambron\u2010Mellott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerner Enviza, an Oracle Company Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6658-6057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halley","family":"Costantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerner Enviza, an Oracle Company Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2870-4689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alanna","family":"Pfau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Scientific Affairs LLC Titusville New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2764-2391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manish K.","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA"},{"name":"Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, O'Donnell Brain Institute University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Mean expenditure per event by event type and age groups, United States. 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