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This study aimed to investigate the effect of estradiol (Es) on stress and effect of stress on spatial working memory (WM) and also to investigate electroencephalogram (EEG) signal's dynamics in the early and late follicular (EF and LF) and luteal (LU) phases of unmarried girls\u2019 menstrual cycle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stress was induced by presentation of a short (3\u00a0min) movie clip. Simultaneous with a memory test and stress induction, EEG, serum Es levels, and galvanic skin response (GSR) were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum Es concentrations were decreased in LF, LU, and EF phases. The mean GSR score decreased after stress induction in all three phases, but it increased in the LF and LU phases versus the EF phase. Spatial WM diminished after stress induction in all three phases, but it increased in the LF phase versus the two phases before and after stress induction. Average power spectrum density in all frequency bands increased after stress induction in the frontal and prefrontal channels in the spatial WM test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results showed that stress led to spatial WM dysfunction; however, Es improved spatial WM performance in the LF phase versus the other two phases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:31:11Z","timestamp":1690245071000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of stress on spatial working memory and EEG signal dynamics in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in young single girls"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Malihe Eskandari","family":"Torbaghan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8361-7537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Moghimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rayan Research Center for Neuroscience &amp; Behavior, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid Reza","family":"Kobravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Mashhad Branch Islamic Azad University Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Fereidoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rayan Research Center for Neuroscience &amp; Behavior, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imanollah","family":"Bigdeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1201"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010psych\u2010120710\u2010100422"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1996.0123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2012.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00705"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology4010001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528\u20103542.1.3.276"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904823106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.2009.00961.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2010.21540"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005\u20100998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2007.19.1.158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1683"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.2086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2014.00083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.2000.1625"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901894106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1376\u201014.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2013.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.2000.1221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797610368062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.07.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro\u20102012\u20100051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2009.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2006.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.120162397"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","volume-title":"Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology e\u2010book","author":"Hall J. 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