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Children and adults with DS show deficits in language performance and explicit memory. Here, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on children and adults with DS to characterize changes in the volume of specific brain structures involved in memory and language and their relationship to features of cognitive\u2010behavioral phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirteen children and adults with the DS phenotype and 12 age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched healthy controls (age range 4\u201325) underwent an assessment by MRI and a psychological evaluation for language and cognitive abilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cognitive profile of people with DS showed deficits in different cognition and language domains correlating with reduced volumes of specific regional and subregional brain structures, confirming previous related studies. Interestingly, in our study, people with DS also showed more significant parahippocampal gyrus volumes, in agreement with the results found in earlier reports.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The memory functions and language skills affected in studied individuals with DS correlate significantly with the reduced volume of specific brain regions, allowing us to understand DS's cognitive\u2010behavioral phenotype. Our results provide an essential basis for early intervention and the design of rehabilitation management protocols.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T06:42:36Z","timestamp":1690440156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Correlating MRI\u2010based brain volumetry and cognitive assessment in people with Down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3273-7368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osama","family":"Hamadelseed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Skutella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3104\/reports.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.20158"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1921314117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0582"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1997.00550140077016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(97)00011-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.4.564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200932"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Whole\u2010brain voxel\u2010based morphometry study of children and adolescents with Down syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Carducci F.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Functional Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290701781557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/1944\u20107558\u2010116.3.181"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468\u20103148.2011.00673.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-9098-2_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.38519"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"The down syndrome behavioural phenotype: Taking a developmental approach","author":"Fidler D. 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