{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T11:46:44Z","timestamp":1785498404415,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFC2001905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC2001905"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic postoperative pain poses challenges, emphasizing the importance of accurately predicting pain in advance. Generally, pain perception is associated with the temporal dynamics of the brain, which can be represented by microstates. Specifically, microstates are transient and patterned brain topographies formed by temporally overlapping and spatially synchronized oscillatory activities. Consequently, by characterizing brain activity, microstates offer valuable insights into pain perception.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this prospective study, 66 female patients undergoing breast cancer surgery were included. Their preoperative resting\u2010state electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Preoperative resting\u2010state EEG was recorded and four specific brain microstates (labeled as A, B, C, and D) were extracted. Temporal characteristics were then analyzed from these microstates. Patients were classified into two groups based on their Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores at three months postoperatively. Those with NRS scores ranging from 4 to 10 were classified as the high pain group, while patients with NRS ranging from 0 to 3 were classified as the lowpain group. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the microstate characteristics between these two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one patients (32%) were classified as the high pain group and forty\u2010five (68%) as the low\u2010pain group. The occurrence and coverage of microstate C were significantly higher in the high pain group. Additionally, there were significant differences in the microstates transitions between the two groups. Furthermore, the study revealed a positive correlation between the coverage of microstate C and the NRS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preoperative resting\u2010state microstate features have shown correlations with postoperative pain. This study presents a novel and advanced perspective on the potential of microstates as a marker for postoperative pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T06:39:37Z","timestamp":1690439977000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Preoperative resting\u2010state microstate as a marker for chronic pain after breast cancer surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yaru","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Peking University People's Hospital Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Peking University People's Hospital Beijing 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